PMC

Comparison between wild type (A–C) and fie mutant (C–L) development. (A) Wild type seedling at 5 DAS. (D) fie mutants resemble wild type plants at 5 DAS besides a reduction in growth. (B) Wild-type seedlings are in a vegetative phase at 15 DAS and under day-neutral growth conditions will start to bolt when one month old in contrast to (E) fie mutants that show flowers (arrow) already at 15 DAS. (C) Vegetative growth leads to major increase in size of a wild-type plant (left) after 40 DAS whereas a fie mutant plant (right) of the same age is much smaller (arrow). (F) 3 month-old fie mutant that has transformed into a callus-like structure. Examples of transformed and/or misplaced organs and cells in fie mutants (G–L). (G) Flower-like organs. (H) Leaves (arrow) develop from roots, which are able to transform into offshoots (I, arrow). (J) Somatic embryos are formed in high frequency. (K) Root hairs form at shoot tissue. (L) Leaf hairs (arrow) grow out from roots. Sugar-dependent lipid accumulation in WT and fie (M-O). Wild-type and fie mutant seedlings were stained with fat-red to visualize lipid accumulation at 5 DAS (M) or at 8 DAS (N). Whereas at early stages there is still a clear staining visible in wild type (M, left side), there is only a faint fed red signal detectable at 8 DAS (N, left). In contrast, fie shows strong staining in cotyledons and roots at both time points (M,N, right side). The lipid accumulation in fie is dependent on sugar, as mutants germinating on sugar-free medium show a strong reduction in staining (O).

VENN Diagram representing the number of genes marked by H3K27me3 in wild type (green) and H3K4me3 in wild type (purple) and fie (pink). The mutual overlap of the H3K4me3 targets in wild type and fie is larger than expected for two independent sets, while the overlap of the H3K4me3 marked genes with the H3K27me3 marked genes is significantly smaller (wild type H3K4me3 and fie H3K4me3: rf = 1.9, p<1.0e−99* wild type H3K4me3 and wild type H3K27me3: rf = 0.2, p<1.0e−99*; fie H3K4me3 and wild type H3K27me3: rf = 0.2, p<1.0e−99*). P-values marked by an asterisk (*) were below the calculation limits of the software (highly significant).

Individual FIE ratios (in RT) are plotted as a function of age for each Filter condition, separately. The lines depict the function best fitting FIE as a function of age. They were computed based on a Generalized Additive Model analysis []. In agreement with the fitting analyses, the function of FIE development was linear in HV condition and non-linear in H and V conditions.

(A-B) Schematic for the FIE: dissimilarity between faces is more apparent for upright (A) than inverted (B) faces. (C) Mean dissimilarities between patterns of C2 responses to two different faces, for all possible pairs of faces. (D) Behavioral FIE effect size (upright dissimilarity–inverted dissimilarity in (C)) varies with tuning size. (E) Results for the neural-level FIE, i.e. mean individual C2 model neuron responses to each face (as opposed to dissimilarities between sets of neural responses to pairs of faces, in (C)) for upright vs. inverted faces. (F) Neural-level FIE effect size (upright response–inverted response in (E)) varies with tuning size. Error bars: SEM.