PMC

The redistribution of soil particles under different cultivation ages. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among the different cultivation ages at p ≤ 0.05. C5 represents the cultivated grasslands with five cultivated years; C10 represents the cultivated grasslands with 10 cultivated years; C15 represents the cultivated grasslands with 15 cultivated years.

Rows correspond to array probes. The names and symbols in the left column correspond to the Tohama I Sanger Centre annotation. BPSMΔRisA vs BPSM corresponds to the ratios between BPSMΔRisA and BPSM, both cultivated in non-modulating conditions. BPSMΔRisK vs BPSM corresponds to the ratios between BPSMΔRisK and BPSM, both cultivated in non-modulating conditions. BP536 RisAD⁶⁰E vs BP536 corresponds to the ratios between BP536 RisAD⁶⁰E and BP536, both cultivated in non-modulating conditions. BP536 RisAD⁶⁰N vs BP536 corresponds to the ratios between BP536 RisAD⁶⁰N and BP536, both cultivated in non-modulating conditions. BPSM Mg vs BPSM corresponds to the ratios between BPSM cultivated in the presence of 50 mM MgSO₄ and BPSM cultivated in non-modulating conditions. BPSMΔRisA Mg vs BPSM corresponds to the ratios between BPSMΔRisA cultivated in the presence of 50 mM MgSO₄ and BPSM cultivated in non-modulating conditions. BPSMΔRisK Mg vs BPSM corresponds to the ratios between BPSMΔRisK cultivated in the presence of 50 mM MgSO₄ and BPSM cultivated in non-modulating conditions. BP536 RisAD⁶⁰E Mg vs BP536 corresponds to the ratios between BP536 RisAD⁶⁰E cultivated in the presence of 50 mM MgSO₄ and BP536 cultivated in non-modulating conditions. BP536 RisAD⁶⁰N Mg vs BP536 corresponds to the ratios between BP536 RisAD⁶⁰N cultivated in the presence of 50 mM MgSO₄ and BP536 cultivated in non-modulating conditions. The indicated ratios are the means of all the experiments. Red, increased transcript abundance; green, decreased transcript abundance; black, no significant change in transcript abundance; the level of transcript abundance is defined by the coloured Log₂ scale shown on the right.

Taxonomy of endophytic bacteria (a, c) and fungi (b, d) at the phylum level. Af-W, African wild rice; Af-H, F1 generation of a cross between African wild rice (Af-W) and African cultivated rice (AfC1); AfC1, African cultivated rice No. 2; AfC2, African cultivated rice No. 4; NW1, nivara wild rice No. 1; NW2, nivara wild rice No. 2; NW-H, F1 generation of a cross between nivara wild rice (NW1) and Asian cultivated rice (indica, InC); CW1, common wild rice No. 1; CW2, common wild rice No. 2; CW-H, F1 generation of a cross between common wild rice (CW1) and Asian cultivated rice (japonica, JaC); InC, Asian cultivated rice (Jiangxi indica); JaC, Asian cultivated rice (Jiangxi japonica). Each group had 4 replicates (n = 4)

Box plots of the alpha diversity indices of the endophytic bacterial communities of cultivated and wild rice plants, and their F1 offspring. Simpson (a), Chao1 (b), ACE (c) and Shannon (d) indices. Each boxplot represents the distribution of diversity present in four replicates (n = 4). Af-W, African wild rice; Af-H, F1 generation of a cross between African wild rice (Af-W) and African cultivated rice (AfC1); AfC1, African cultivated rice No. 2; AfC2, African cultivated rice No. 4; NW1, nivara wild rice No. 1; NW2, nivara wild rice No. 2; NW-H, F1 generation of a cross between nivara wild rice (NW1) and Asian cultivated rice (indica, InC); CW1, common wild rice No. 1; CW2, common wild rice No. 2; CW-H, F1 generation of a cross between common wild rice (CW1) and Asian cultivated rice (japonica, JaC); InC, Asian cultivated rice (Jiangxi indica); JaC, Asian cultivated rice (Jiangxi japonica)