PMC

Plasma and urine (a) isoxanthohumol (IX) and (b) 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PG) levels. Plasma and urine IX and 8-PG levels were measured by mass spectrometry. p-value refers to the intra-subject comparison of the paired Student’s t-test. WO1: washout 1, Beer: alcoholic beer intervention; WO2: washout 2, non-alcoholic beer: non-alcoholic beer intervention. Data represent mean ± SD.

Non-alcoholic beer absorption in the UV region, Distilled water was adjusted as a blank sample in order to obtain beer absorption.

Macrophage microRNAs modulated by beer and non-alcoholic beer. Scatterplots showing Log₂ transformed relative fold change (FC) microRNAs in each intervention phase (n = 7). Black dots (●) correspond to beer intervention and grey dots (●) correspond to non-alcoholic beer intervention. Macrophage microRNA levels were calculated with the 2^−ΔΔCt method comparing with each basal timepoint. Mean ± SD of each timepoint is shown. p-value was calculated with repeated measurements ANOVA. WO: washout; I: intervention. * p < 0.05; # p < 0.1.

Circulating microRNAs modulated by beer and non-alcoholic beer. Scatterplots showing Log₂ transformed relative fold change (FC) microRNAs in each intervention phase (n = 7). Black dots (●) correspond to beer intervention and grey dots (●) correspond to non-alcoholic beer intervention. Plasma microRNA levels were calculated with the 2^−ΔΔCt method comparing with each basal timepoint. Mean ± SD of each timepoint is shown. p-value was calculated with repeated measurements ANOVA. * p < 0.05 for the paired t-test comparison between timepoints. WO: washout; I: intervention.