PMC

(A) Bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) cluster positively associated with aggression in the whole-brain contrast (Angry >Neutral) in the decision phase (left), and scatterplot of the correlation between STG reactivity and aggression (right; p-value not computed to avoid a circular analysis). (B) Voxels within the bilateral functional amygdala mask correlated with aggression in the Angry >Neutral contrast in the decision phase (left; p < 0.05, k > 20) and scatterplot of the correlation between amygdala reactivity and aggression (right). (C) Voxels within the bilateral functional amygdala mask correlated with testosterone in the Angry >Neutral contrast in the decision phase (left; p < 0.05, k > 20), and scatterplot of the correlation between amygdala reactivity and testosterone (right).

FWHR moderates the relationship between amygdala reactivity to angry faces and physical aggression scores among men. (A) Mean amygdala reactivity to angry faces > shapes (x = 20, y = −4, z = −16; 210 voxels, t = 9.39, P < 0.05, corrected). (B) FWHR moderates the relationship between amygdala reactivity from (A) and physical aggression scores. Positive correlation between amygdala reactivity and physical aggression scores for men with high FWHRs (b = 8.34, P = 0.0002) but not low FWHRs (b = −4.06, P = 0.13). (C) Mean amygdala reactivity to angry faces > neutral faces (x = 20, −4, −16, 5 voxels, t = 3.17, P < 0.05, corrected). (D) FWHR moderates the relationship between amygdala reactivity from (B) and physical aggression scores. Positive correlation between amygdala reactivity and physical aggression for men with high FWHRs (b = 3.52, P = 0.028) but not low FWHRs (b = −2.49, P = 0.10). Note: For visualization purposes, high and low amygdala reactivity and FWHR values represent ±1 standard deviation from the mean on each variable.

Associations between treatment change through MAAP and NSSP in overt aggression and response latency when classifying angry, fearful, happy, and neutral facial expressions. The displayed graphs represent the correlations between treatment change in overt aggression and response latency through MAAP and NSSP, respectively. T0, pre-treatment measurements; T1, post-treatment measurements; OAS-M, Overt Aggression Scale Modified, Items 1-3. Please note that data from HC is not displayed for better clarity of graphs since treatment change in overt aggression in this group was little.

The flow map of emotional Go/No-go task in which angry expressions served as Go cues and happy expressions were No-go cues. Angry and happy faces were selected from the Chinese Facial Affective Picture Systom ().