PMC

a Venn diagram of significantly expressed transcripts in root and shoot in each soil; root acid bog soil (RA), root limestone soil (RL), shoot acid bog soil (SA) and shoot limestone soil (SL). The number of significantly expressed transcripts is defined as the number of microbial-annotated transcripts that obtained ≥ 5 aligned reads in at least 3 samples in each of the treatments RA (total 8 samples), RL (total 9 samples), SA (total 10 samples), SL (total 9 samples). b PCoA analysis plot of the shoot and root microbial data generated using the vegan package in R. SAa shoot acid bog soil, acid plant; SAl shoot acid bog soil, limestone plant; SLa shoot limestone soil, acid plant; SLl shoot limestone soil, limestone plant. RAa root acid bog soil, acid plant; RAl root acid bog soil, limestone plant; RLa root limestone soil, acid plant; RLl root limestone soil, limestone plant

a PCoA analysis plot of shoot and root H. lanatus plant transcriptome data generated using the vegan package in R. SAa shoot acid bog soil, acid plant; SAl shoot acid bog soil, limestone plant; SLa shoot limestone soil, acid plant; SLl shoot limestone soil, limestone plant. RAa root acid bog soil, acid plant; RAl root acid bog soil, limestone plant; RLa root limestone soil, acid plant; RLl root limestone soil, limestone plant. b Violin plot showing the contributions of soil type, plant ecotype and residuals to variation in the plant root gene expression data. Generated using the variancePartition package in R

The relationships between environmental factors and pericarp fatty acid composition for different Zanthoxylum species: (a), the relationship between environmental factors and pericarp fatty acid composition for ZA; (b), the relationship between environmental factors and pericarp fatty acid composition for ZB1; (c), the relationship between environmental factors and pericarp fatty acid composition for ZB2; (d), the correlation between environmental factors and pericarp fatty acid composition for ZA; (e), the correlation between environmental factors and pericarp fatty acid composition for ZB1; (f), the correlation between environmental factors and pericarp fatty acid composition for ZB2. RDA is redundancy analyses; Long is longitude; Alt, altitude; AtP, atmospheric pressure; MT, mean temperature; MAP, mean annual precipitation; pH, power of hydrogen; OM, organic matter content in soil; Pt, total phosphorus content in soil; Kt, total potassium content in soil; Pa, available phosphorus content in soil; Ka, available potassium content in soil; Al, aluminium content in soil; Cd, cadmium content in soil; Pb, lead content in soil; Mn, manganese content in soil; C16:0, palmitic acid; C18:0, stearic acid; C20:0, eicosanoic acid; C22:0, behenic acid; C16:1, palmitoleic acid; C18:1n9, oleic acid; C18:1n13t, trans-13-oleic acid; C20:1, cis-11-eicosenoic acid; C18:2, linoleic acid; C18:3, and linolenic acid; * represents medium correlation (0.4–0.6); ** represents strong correlation (0.6–0.8).

Error bars denote standard deviations (n = 3). Different small letters mean significant difference between treatments, at a given soil depth, at 0.05 (n = 3); no letters means no significant difference. Two-way ANOVA showed significant effects of soil management regime (P = 0.000) and soil depth (P = 0.000) and their interaction (P = 0.000) on humic acid content, and of fertilizer treatment (P = 0.000) and soil depth (P = 0.000) and their interaction (P = 0.000) on humic acid content. Two-way ANOVA showed significant effects of soil management regime (P = 0.001) and soil depth (P = 0.000) and their interaction (P = 0.004) on fulvic acid content, and significant effects of fertilizer treatment (P = 0.000) and soil depth (P = 0.001), but no marked interaction between them (P = 0.052), on fulvic acid content.