PMC

Cranial root of accessory exits from the caudal region of the nucleus ambiguus. The spinal root of the accessory originates within cervical spinal cord and ascends through the foramen magnum. Cranial nerves IX (not pictured), X, and both roots of the accessory exit the jugular foramen. Cranial accessory joins vagus at or beyond the jugular foramen prior to innervating musculature of the palate, pharynx, and larynx. The cranial root of the accessory nerve can be seen passing in close proximity to the spinal accessory and vagus nerves. Purely empirical observations could easily lead to misinterpretation of the cranial root of the accessory nerve. View of cadaver dissection demonstrating the extent of the spinal accessory nerve located within the cervical region of the spinal cord. Also highlighted is the laryngopalatopharngeal (currently cranial accessory) nerve.

Simplified block diagram of cerebellar modules. Each module is defined by its inferior olive climbing fibre input and Purkinje corticonuclear output. From the medial to the lateral plane (right to left in the figure) are shown: the A, AX, X, B and A2 zones (in the vermis), the C1, CX, C2 and C3 zones (in the paravermis), and the D1, D0 and D2 zones (in the hemisphere). Longitudinal zones in the paraflocculus and flocculus are not shown. Note that some longitudinal zones are not necessarily present in all cerebellar lobules in the adult animal (for example, the X and B zones). cMAO (subnuc a), subnucleus a of caudal medial accessory olive; cMAO (subnuc b), subnucleus b of caudal medial accessory olive; cMAO (subnuc b ¹ /c), subnucleus b¹ and c of caudal medial accessory olive; dfDAO, dorsal fold of dorsal accessory olive; DLH, dorsolateral hump; DLP, dorsolateral protuberance of medial nucleus; dlPO, dorsal lamella of the principal olive; dmPO, dorsomedial subnucleus of the principal olive; ICG, interstitial cell group; iMAO (lat), lateral part of intermediate medial accessory olive; iMAO (med), medial part of intermediate medial accessory olive; LVN, lateral vestibular nucleus; MedN (lat), lateral part of medial nucleus; MedN (med), medial part of medial nucleus; NIA, nucleus interpositus anterior; NIP, nucleus interpositus posterior; NL, lateral nucleus; PML, paramedian lobule; rMAO, rostral medial accessory olive; vfDAO, ventral fold of dorsal accessory olive; vlPO, ventral lamella of the principal olive. Adapted from []

Hand-drawn charts of 5-HTT labeled sections through the rostrocaudal extent of the amygdala (case J1). AAA, anterior amygdaloid area; AC, anterior commissure; Abmc, accessory basal nucleus, magnocellular subdivision; Abpc, accessory basal nucleus, parvicellular subdivision; Abvm, accessory basal nucleus, ventromedial; ACA, amygdaloclaustral area; AHA, amygdalohippocampal area; Astr, amygdalostriatal area; Bi, basal nucleus, intermediate subdivision; Bmc, basal nucleus, magnocellular subdivision; Bpc, basal nucleus, parvicellular subdivision; CeL, Central nucleus, lateral core subdivision; CeM, central nucleus, medial subdivision; CI, claustrum; CoA, cortical nucleus, anterior subdivision; CoP, cortical nucleus, posterior subdivision; IC, intercalated cell islands; Ldm, lateral nucleus, dorsomedial subdivision; Lvl, lateral nucleus, ventrolateral subdivision; M, medial nucleus; PL, parlaminar nucleus; Str, striatum; V, ventricle.

AChE stained sections show the various amygdaloid nuclei at four rostrocaudal levels. The section in (A) is the most rostral. AAA, anterior amygdaloid area; AC, anterior commissure; Abmc, accessory basal nucleus, magnocellular subdivision; Abpc, accessory basal nucleus, parvicellular subdivision; Abvm, accessory basal nucleus, ventromedial; ACA, amygdaloclaustral area; AHA, amygdalohippocampal area; Astr, amygdalostriatal area; Bi, basal nucleus, intermediate subdivision; Bmc, basal nucleus, magnocellular subdivision; Bpc, basal nucleus, parvicellular subdivision; CeL, Central nucleus, lateral core subdivision; CeM, central nucleus, medial subdivision; Cl, claustrum; CoA, cortical nucleus, anterior subdivision; CoP, cortical nucleus, posterior subdivision; L, lateral nucleus; M, medial nucleus; PAC, periamygdaloid cortex; Str, striatum; V, ventricle.