PMC

In vitro cell proliferation spike-and-recovery assay confirming the ability of 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol to enhance the anti-proliferative effects of ginger against HCC1806 cell line. (a) The calibration curve for 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol used to determine the concentration difference between ginger samples. The concentration of injected solution was converted into µg/mL in ginger samples. (b) The growth curve of ginger sample 13, ginger sample spiked with 8- and 10-gingerols, and ginger sample 2 at various concentrations (log) against HCC1806 cell line. The overall p-value between the three groups (ginger sample 13, spiked 13, and 2) is < 0.001. Additionally, there is a statistically significant difference between each comparison, ginger samples 13 and 2, spiked 13 and 2, and spiked 13 and 13 (each adjusted p < 0.001). (c) The anti-proliferative effects of 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol as a single compound, compared to that of ginger sample 21 against HCC1806 cell line.

Effects of ginger and Gelam honey on apoptosis of HT29 cells. The apoptotic effects of single and combined treatments with ginger and Gelam honey were determined by Cell Death Detection ELISA after 24 hours. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. ^a(p < 0.05) significant compared to control, ^b(p < 0.05) significant compared to 2.5 mg/ml of ginger, ^c(p < 0.05) significant compared to 5.0 mg/ml of ginger, ^d(p < 0.05) significant compared to 7.5 mg/ml of ginger, e(p < 0.05) significant compared to 40 mg/ml of Gelam honey, ^f(p < 0.05) significant compared to 80 mg/ml of Gelam honey, ^g(p < 0.05) significant compared to 100 mg/ml of Gelam honey, ^h(p < 0.05) significant compared to combination of 3 mg/ml ginger and 10 mg/ml Gelam honey, ⁱ(p < 0.05) significant compared to combination of 3 mg/ml ginger and 30 mg/ml Gelam honey.

Molecular targets of ginger and its active constituents against gastrointestinal cancer.

6-shogaol is the most effective individual ginger component in ovarian cancer cells. Transient ginger exposure results in a non-sustained decrease in proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. A: A2780 cells were treated for 24 hours with 75 μg/ml of ginger extract or 7.5 mM of each of the ginger standards. Media containing the indicated compounds was replenished at day 3. Growth was assayed via sulforhodamine B assays on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Data are presented as means ± S.D. B. A2780 cells were treated for 24 hours with indicated concentrations of ginger extract or 7.5 mM of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol. Media containing the indicated compounds was washed off and replaced with complete media after 24 hours. Growth was assayed via sulforhodamine B assays on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Data are presented as means ± S.D.