U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Trl Trithorax-like [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 2768981, updated on 18-Sep-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
Trlprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
Trithorax-likeprovided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0013263
Locus tag
Dmel_CG33261
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0013263
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
Adf-2; Adf-2-519; Adf2; anon-EST:fe2E12; CG33261; CG9343; Dmel\CG33261; E(var)3-trl; E(var)62; gaf; Gaf; GAF; gaga; Gaga; GAGA; GAGA factor; l(3)s2325; LBC; Nc70F; NC70F; TfGAGA/Adf-2; trithorax-like; trl; TRL; Trl-GAGA; Try
Summary
Enables several functions, including DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; POZ domain binding activity; and protein dimerization activity. Involved in several processes, including chromatin organization; gamete generation; and regulation of transcription, DNA-templated. Located in chromosome and nucleus. Part of protein-containing complex. Is expressed in several structures, including embryonic/larval muscle system; embryonic/larval nervous system; extended germ band embryo; eye; and gut section. Orthologous to human BTBD18 (BTB domain containing 18). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Orthologs
all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
Location:
70F4-70F4; 3-42 cM
Exon count:
10
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 3L NT_037436.4 (14747929..14761049, complement)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 3L NT_037436.3 (14741029..14754149, complement)

Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene omega Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene tRNA splicing endonuclease subunit 34 Neighboring gene alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase a Neighboring gene alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase b

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. GAGA-associated factor fosters loop formation in the Drosophila genome. Li X, et al. Mol Cell, 2023 May 4. PMID 37003261, Free PMC Article
  2. GAGA protein is required for multiple aspects of Drosophila oogenesis and female fertility. Fedorova EV, et al. Genesis, 2019 Feb. PMID 30537428
  3. Vertebrate GAF/ThPOK: emerging functions in chromatin architecture and transcriptional regulation. Srivastava A, et al. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2018 Feb. PMID 28856379, Free PMC Article
  4. The reasons of Trithorax-like expression disturbance in Trl (3609) allele of Drosophila melanogaster. Karagodin DA, et al. Dokl Biochem Biophys, 2016 Nov. PMID 28058687
  5. [Role of GAGA Factor in Drosophila Primordial Germ Cell Migration and Gonad Development]. Dorogova NV, et al. Ontogenez, 2016 Jan-Feb. PMID 27149747

See all (524) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The misregulation of mitochondria-associated genes caused by GAGA-factor lack promotes autophagic germ cell death in Drosophila testes.
    Title: The misregulation of mitochondria-associated genes caused by GAGA-factor lack promotes autophagic germ cell death in Drosophila testes.
  2. Localization of the Drosophila pioneer factor GAF to subnuclear foci is driven by DNA binding and required to silence satellite repeat expression.
    Title: Localization of the Drosophila pioneer factor GAF to subnuclear foci is driven by DNA binding and required to silence satellite repeat expression.
  3. GAGA-associated factor fosters loop formation in the Drosophila genome.
    Title: GAGA-associated factor fosters loop formation in the Drosophila genome.
  4. The complex role of transcription factor GAGA in germline death during Drosophila spermatogenesis: transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses.
    Title: The complex role of transcription factor GAGA in germline death during Drosophila spermatogenesis: transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses.
  5. GAF is essential for zygotic genome activation and chromatin accessibility in the early Drosophila embryo.
    Title: GAF is essential for zygotic genome activation and chromatin accessibility in the early Drosophila embryo.
  6. Pioneer-like factor GAF cooperates with PBAP (SWI/SNF) and NURF (ISWI) to regulate transcription.
    Title: Pioneer-like factor GAF cooperates with PBAP (SWI/SNF) and NURF (ISWI) to regulate transcription.
  7. while the Su(Hw) protein remains stably associated with the promoters of these genes at different transcriptional state, the GAF protein level is significantly higher when transcription is activated.
    Title: Activation of Su(Hw)-Controlled Genes Is Associated with Increase in GAF Binding.
  8. GAGA protein regulates oogenesis and female fertility in Drosophila.
    Title: GAGA protein is required for multiple aspects of Drosophila oogenesis and female fertility.
  9. GAF (Vfl) as an additional factor in regulation of early developmental genes.
    Title: Genome-wide search for Zelda-like chromatin signatures identifies GAF as a pioneer factor in early fly development.
  10. GAF interactions with a small subset of partners is direct; however for many others the interactions could be indirect, and depend upon intermediates that serve to diversify the functional capabilities of the GAF protein
    Title: The GAGA factor regulatory network: Identification of GAGA factor associated proteins.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (30)

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables POZ domain binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables POZ domain binding IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables chromatin binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein heterodimerization activity IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein homodimerization activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables zinc ion binding IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in amyloid fibril formation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in chromatin organization NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in chromatin remodeling IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in chromatin remodeling IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in heterochromatin formation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in maternal-to-zygotic transition of gene expression IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in nuclear division IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in nucleosome organization IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in nucleosome organization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in oogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in response to ecdysone IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in sex-chromosome dosage compensation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in spermatogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of euchromatin IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of pericentric heterochromatin IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of pericentric heterochromatin TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in polytene chromosome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of protein-containing complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
Trithorax-like
Names
Adh transcription factor 2
CG33261-PA
CG33261-PB
CG33261-PC
CG33261-PD
CG33261-PE
CG33261-PF
CG33261-PH
CG33261-PI
CG33261-PJ
CG33261-PK
GAGA element
GAGA factor
GAGA transcription factor
GAGA-factor
Trithorax-related
Trithroax-like
Trl-PA
Trl-PB
Trl-PC
Trl-PD
Trl-PE
Trl-PF
Trl-PH
Trl-PI
Trl-PJ
Trl-PK
anon-fast-evolving-2E12
late boundary complex
neural conserved at 70F
transcription-factor-Adh2
trithorax like
trithorax-like

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

    Range
    14747929..14761049 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001038926.2 → NP_001034015.1  Trithorax-like, isoform I [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001034015.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    I1V4Z2, Q2PDY2
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09237
    Location:319 → 372
    GAGA; GAGA factor
    smart00225
    Location:35 → 118
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00651
    Location:27 → 117
    BTB; BTB/POZ domain

  2. NM_206356.3 → NP_996078.1  Trithorax-like, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996078.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A4V1Y7, I1V4Z1
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09237
    Location:319 → 372
    GAGA; GAGA factor
    smart00225
    Location:35 → 118
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00651
    Location:27 → 117
    BTB; BTB/POZ domain

  3. NM_001038924.4 → NP_001034013.2  Trithorax-like, isoform J [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001034013.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    I1V4Z2, Q2PDY1
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09237
    Location:319 → 372
    GAGA; GAGA factor
    smart00225
    Location:35 → 118
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00651
    Location:27 → 117
    BTB; BTB/POZ domain

  4. NM_001274917.1 → NP_001261846.1  Trithorax-like, isoform K [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261846.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O18349, O18350, O18526, Q08083, Q08605, Q7JN57, Q8MYL3, Q8T387, Q9V3X7, Q9VUH2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    M9PFM7
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09237
    Location:319 → 372
    GAGA; GAGA factor
    smart00225
    Location:35 → 118
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00651
    Location:27 → 117
    BTB; BTB/POZ domain

  5. NM_206357.3 → NP_996079.1  Trithorax-like, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996079.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A4V1Y7, I1V4Z1
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09237
    Location:319 → 372
    GAGA; GAGA factor
    smart00225
    Location:35 → 118
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00651
    Location:27 → 117
    BTB; BTB/POZ domain

  6. NM_206358.4 → NP_996080.1  Trithorax-like, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996080.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O18349, O18350, O18526, Q08083, Q08605, Q7JN57, Q8MYL3, Q8T387, Q9V3X7, Q9VUH2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A4V1Y6
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09237
    Location:319 → 372
    GAGA; GAGA factor
    smart00225
    Location:35 → 118
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00651
    Location:27 → 117
    BTB; BTB/POZ domain

  7. NM_206360.1 → NP_996082.1  Trithorax-like, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996082.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O18349, O18350, O18526, Q08083, Q08605, Q7JN57, Q8MYL3, Q8T387, Q9V3X7, Q9VUH2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A4V1Y6
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09237
    Location:319 → 372
    GAGA; GAGA factor
    smart00225
    Location:35 → 118
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00651
    Location:27 → 117
    BTB; BTB/POZ domain

  8. NM_001038925.3 → NP_001034014.1  Trithorax-like, isoform H [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001034014.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A4V1Y7, I1V4Z1
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09237
    Location:319 → 372
    GAGA; GAGA factor
    smart00225
    Location:35 → 118
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00651
    Location:27 → 117
    BTB; BTB/POZ domain

  9. NM_206355.4 → NP_996077.1  Trithorax-like, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996077.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A4V1Y7, I1V4Z1
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09237
    Location:319 → 372
    GAGA; GAGA factor
    smart00225
    Location:35 → 118
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00651
    Location:27 → 117
    BTB; BTB/POZ domain

  10. NM_206359.4 → NP_996081.1  Trithorax-like, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996081.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A4V1Y7, I1V4Z1
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09237
    Location:319 → 372
    GAGA; GAGA factor
    smart00225
    Location:35 → 118
    BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
    pfam00651
    Location:27 → 117
    BTB; BTB/POZ domain
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
A4V1Y6 A4V1Y6
A4V1Y7 A4V1Y7
M9PFM7 M9PFM7
Q08605.2 Q08605
Q2PDY1 Q2PDY1
Q2PDY2 Q2PDY2
Q8MYL2 Q8MYL2

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Other Literature Sources
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools