Table 4, Adverse Effects of Interventions for Low Back Pain - Comparative Effectiveness Review Summary Guides for Clinicians

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Nonpharmacological Interventions	Pharmacological Interventions
Although assessment of adverse effects for nonpharmacological therapies was suboptimal, serious harms appeared rare ( ). » Examples of reported adverse effects included mild bleeding at needling sites with acupuncture, skin irritation with massage oils, and application site skin reactions with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.	Pharmacological therapies were associated with increased risk of adverse events when compared with placebo ( to ). » Although rates appeared to be low and there was no increased risk of serious adverse effects versus placebo, a significant risk from some treatments could not be ruled out. » Clinicians are advised to refer to individual studies in the report or to the drug labels of each drug for comprehensive information on their potential adverse effects.

Nonpharmacological Interventions

Pharmacological Interventions

Although assessment of adverse effects for nonpharmacological therapies was suboptimal, serious harms appeared rare ( ).
»
Examples of reported adverse effects included mild bleeding at needling sites with acupuncture, skin irritation with massage oils, and application site skin reactions with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

Pharmacological therapies were associated with increased risk of adverse events when compared with placebo ( to ).
»
Although rates appeared to be low and there was no increased risk of serious adverse effects versus placebo, a significant risk from some treatments could not be ruled out.
»
Clinicians are advised to refer to individual studies in the report or to the drug labels of each drug for comprehensive information on their potential adverse effects.

Comparative Effectiveness Review Summary Guides for Clinicians [Internet].

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