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SRX4641369: GSM3375393: cerebellum_rep4_3N; Homo sapiens; OTHER
1 ILLUMINA (NextSeq 500) run: 31.5M spots, 2.4G bases, 1Gb downloads

Submitted by: NCBI (GEO)
Study: A compendium of conserved cleavage and polyadenylation events in mammalian genes
show Abstracthide Abstract
Cleavage and polyadenylation is essential for 3' end processing of almost all eukaryotic mRNAs. Recent studies have shown widespread alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) events leading to mRNA isoforms with different 3'UTRs and/or coding sequences. Here we present a compendium of conserved cleavage and polyadenylation sites (PASs) in mammalian genes, based on ~1.2 billion 3' end sequencing reads from over 360 human, mouse and rat samples. We show that ~80% of mammalian mRNA genes contain at least one conserved PAS, and ~50% have conserved APA events. PAS conservation generally reduces promiscuous 3' end processing, stabling gene expression levels across species. Conservation of APA correlates with gene age, gene expression features, and gene functions. Genes with certain functions, such as cell morphology, cell proliferation, and mRNA metabolism, are particularly enriched with APA events. While tissue-specific genes typically have a low APA rate, brain-specific genes tend to evolve APA. We show enrichment of mRNA destabilizing motifs in alternative 3'UTR sequences, leading to substantial differences in mRNA stability between 3'UTR APA isoforms. Using conserved PASs, we reveal sequence motifs surrounding APA sites and a preference of adenosine at the cleavage site. Mutations of the U-rich motif around the PAS often accompany APA profile changes between species. Analysis of lncRNA PASs indicates a mechanism of PAS fixation involving evolution of A-rich motifs. Taken together, our results present a comprehensive view of PAS evolution in mammals, and a phylogenic understanding of APA functions. Overall design: 21 3'READS libraries for the analysis of APA in heart, testis and heart between mouse and rat 107 3'READS human samples used in PolyA_DB version 3.2
Sample: cerebellum_rep4_3N
SAMN09975953 • SRS3739412 • All experiments • All runs
Organism: Homo sapiens
Library:
Instrument: NextSeq 500
Strategy: OTHER
Source: TRANSCRIPTOMIC
Selection: other
Layout: SINGLE
Construction protocol: TRIzol 3'READS: The 3'READS procedure has been described in (Zheng et al., 2016). Briefly, Poly(A)+ RNA in 0.1-15 µg of total RNA was captured using 10 µl of oligo(dT)25 magnetic beads in 100 µl 1x binding buffer (10 mM Tris-Cl, pH7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, and 0.05% TWEEN 20) and fragmented on the beads using 1.5 U of RNase III in 30 µl RNase III buffer (10 mM Tris-Cl pH8.3, 60 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl2, and 1 mM DTT) at 37 °C for 15 min. After washing away unbound RNA fragments with binding buffer, poly(A)+ fragments were eluted from the beads with TE buffer (10 mM Tris-Cl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5) and precipitated with ethanol, followed by ligation to 3 pmol of heat-denatured 5' adapter (5'-CCUUGGCACCCGAGAAUUCCANNNN) in the presence of 1 mM ATP, 0.1 µl of SuperaseIn, and 0.25 µl of T4 RNA ligase 1 in a 5 µl reaction at 22 °C for 1 h. The ligation products were captured by 10 pmol of biotin-T15-(+TT)5 attached to 12 µl of Dynabeads MyOne Streptavidin C1. After washing with washing buffer (10 mM Tris-Cl pH7.5, 1 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, and 0.05% TWEEN 20), RNA fragments on the beads were incubated with 0.01 U/µl of RNase H at 37 °C for 30 min in 30 µl of RNase H buffer (50 mM Tris-Cl pH 7.5, 5 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl2, and 10 mM DTT). After washing with RNase H buffer, RNA fragments were eluted from the beads in elution buffer (1 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, and 0.05% TWEEN 20) at 50 °C, precipitated with ethanol, and then ligated to 3 pmol of heat-denatured 5' adenylated 3' adapter (5'-rApp/NNNGATCGTCGGACTGTAGAACTCTGAAC/3ddC) with 0.25 µl T4 RNA ligase 2 (truncated KQ version) at 22 °C for 1 h in a 5 µl reaction containing 15% PEG 8000 and 0.2 µl of SuperaseIn. The ligation products were then precipitated and reverse transcribed using M-MLV reverse transcriptase, followed by PCR amplification using Phusion high-fidelity DNA polymerase and bar-coded PCR primers for 13-18 cycles (13 cycles for 5 µg input, 15 cycles for 1 µg input, and 18 cycles for inputs below 1 µg). PCR products were size-selected twice with AMPure XP beads, using 0.6 volumes of beads (relative to the PCR reaction volume) to remove large DNA molecules and an additional 0.4 volumes of beads to remove small DNA molecules. The eluted DNA was selected again with 1 volume of AMPure XP beads to further remove small DNA molecules. The size and quantity of the libraries eluted from the AMPure beads were examined using a high sensitivity DNA kit on an Agilent Bioanalyzer. Libraries were sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq 500 (1x75 bases).
Experiment attributes:
GEO Accession: GSM3375393
Links:
Runs: 1 run, 31.5M spots, 2.4G bases, 1Gb
Run# of Spots# of BasesSizePublished
SRR778637831,482,8622.4G1Gb2018-09-07

ID:
6268755

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