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SRX3298657: GSM2819655: 7252_IZ_RRBS; Homo sapiens; Bisulfite-Seq
1 ILLUMINA (Illumina HiSeq 2500) run: 55.4M spots, 5.6G bases, 2.4Gb downloads

Submitted by: NCBI (GEO)
Study: Epigenomic analysis of micro-dissected human liver reveals principles of zonated morphogenic and metabolic control
show Abstracthide Abstract
To investigate the underlying molecular principles of metabolic and morphogenic zonation of the human liver lobule, we generated an integrated epigenetic map across three zones (pericentral, intermediate and periportal) by methylation and transcriptomic analysis of hepatocytes captured by laser micro-dissection. We observe a deep link between epigenetic zonation of human liver and a zonated expression of metabolic and morphogenic pathways: Key transcriptionally zonated enzymes in xenobiotic and glutamine metabolism show a strong anticorrelated methylation gradient indicating that zonal expression of these genes is partly controlled by epigenetic programs. Zonated DNA-methylation at binding sites of uniformly expressed transcription factors such as HNF4A and RXRa points to an epigenetic layer in regulatory networks and a zonated activity of their nuclear ligands and drugs such as fibrates and bile acids. The same holds for genes of the wnt morphogen pathway whose expression show a zonated methylation at binding sites of TCF4L2. A strong pericentral expression of LGR5 and AXIN2 and a corresponding expression gradient of the liver progenitor marker TBX3, indicates a predominant pericentral source of hepatocyte regeneration under steady-state conditions in humans. Conversely, the periportal expression of NOTCH and EPCAM at the border to the biliary tree as source of regeneration under injury conditions. Overall our data provide a deep understanding of molecular control of the zonal organisation in the human liver. Overall design: The study comprises 19 human liver biopsy donors divided into the groups normal control (NC = 7012, 7173, 7194, 7279), healthy obese (HO = 6758, 6922, 7213, 7230, 7252), bland steatosis (STEA = 6967, 7137, 7172, 7181, 7251) and early NASH (EARLY = 6610, 7041, 7157, 7188, 7344). Hepatocytes captured by laser microdissection were obtained from three hepatic zones (pericentral, intermediate and periportal) and subjected to reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and RNA-seq resulting in 114 sequencing libraries. Liver samples were obtained intraoperatively in patients in whom an intraoperative liver biopsy was indicated on clinical grounds such as during scheduled liver resection, exclusion of liver malignancy during major oncologic surgery, or assessment of liver histology during bariatric surgery. NASH was defined by the NAFLD activity score (NAS) PMID: 15915461 Samples were frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen ensuring an ex vivo time of less than 40 seconds in all cases. Patients with evidence of viral hepatitis, hemochromatosis, or alcohol consumption greater than 20 g/day for women and 30 g/day for men were excluded. All patients provided written informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board (Ethikkommission der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Kiel, D425/07, A111/99), before study commencement. A single pathologist, blinded to the molecular analyses, performed standardized histopathologic assessment.
Sample: 7252_IZ_RRBS
SAMN07810989 • SRS2607075 • All experiments • All runs
Organism: Homo sapiens
Library:
Instrument: Illumina HiSeq 2500
Strategy: Bisulfite-Seq
Source: GENOMIC
Selection: Reduced Representation
Layout: SINGLE
Construction protocol: RRBS: The frozen tissue was cut in 20 µm slices, mounted on precooled glass-slides and dried at room temperature for 30 minutes. In sum, an area of 200.000 µm2 per sample was microdissected using a ZEISS PALM MicroBeam LCM in Auto-LPC mode. Tissue pieces subjected for RRBS were frozen and maintained at -80° C. RNA-seq: The frozen tissue was cut in 20 µm slices and mounted on precooled glass-slides. Immediately after mounting, the tissue was fixed by incubation in 70% EtOH for 2 min and stained by incubation in a cresyl violet/50% EtOH solution for 30 sec with two short subsequent wash steps in 70% EtOH, followed by a 2 min air-drying step. All steps were performed on ice. In sum, an area of 500.000 µm2, from of 5-10 periportal fields and intermediate zones or hepatozytes surrounding 15-20 central veins per sample, were microdissected using a ZEISS PALM MicroBeam LCM in Auto-LPC mode. Tissue pieces subjected for RRBS were frozen and maintained at -80° C. Samples subjected for RNA-Seq were immediately processed. RRBS: Cell lysis of microdissected material was done directly in the caps of the capturing tubes by treatment with 8 µl lysis buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, 5 mM EDTA) and 2 µl Proteinase K (1 mg/ml, NEB) at 55 °C for 3 hours. For proteinase inactivation 0.5 µl Pefabloc (21 mM, Sigma) was added for 1 hour at room temperature. Restriction was performed using the methylation insensitive enzymes HaeIII (25 U, NEB) and AluI (5 U, NEB) supplemented with 1.5 µl CutSmart buffer (10 X, NEB), 1 µl MgAce (5 mM) and 1 µl yeast tRNA (100 ng) at 37 °C for 18 hours. Enzymes were inactivated at 80 °C for 20 min. A-Tailing was achieved with 1 µl Klenow Fragment (3′ → 5′ exo−, 5 U/µl, NEB) and 1 µl dATP (10 mM, NEB) at 37 °C for 30 min followed by enzyme inactivation at 75 °C for 20 min. Methylated Illumina TruSeq sequencing adapters (adapter 1: ACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCT TCCGATCT, adapter 2: GATCGGAA GAGCACACGTCTGAACTCCAGTCAC) were ligated using 1 µl pre-annealed adapters (100 µM), 0.5 µl T4 Ligase (2,000,000 U/µl, NEB) and 2 µl ATP (10 mM, NEB) at 16 °C for 22 hours. Subsequent bisulfite conversion was performed using the EZ DNA Methylation Gold Kit (Zymo). Adapter ligated fragments were amplified by PCR using 0.5 µl each of indexed TruSeq primers (10 µM, Primer I5: AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACAC[i5]ACACTCTTTC CCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGAT,Primer I7: GATCGGAAGAGCACACGTCTGAACTC CAGTCAC[i7]ATCTCGTATGCCGTCTTCTGCTTG), 3 µl PCR Buffer (10 X, Qiagen), 1.2 µl MgCl2 (25 mM), 2.4 µl dNTPs (10 mM) and 0.5 µl Hot Start Taq (5 U / µl, Qiagen) in a 30 µl reaction with 95 °C for 15 min, 22 cycles of 95 °C for 30 sec, 60 °C for 30 sec, 72 °C for 1 min and final elongation at 72 °C for 7 min. After purification with 0.8 X Ampure XP Beads (Beckman Coulter) libraries were sequenced on a HiSeq2500 (Illumina) using TruSeq SBS Kit v3 – HS chemistry in a single read run with 90 bp read length. RNA-seq: After microdissection, RNA was isolated using the RNeasy Micro Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Concentration and RNA Quality was obtained by using an Agilent BioAnalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA). The typical yield was between 4.5 ng and a RIN between 8 and 9. The RNA was reverse transcribed and amplified with the SMARTer Universal Low Input RNA Kit for Sequencing (Takara/Clontech) and 1 ng of RNA. Libraries for next generation sequencing were constructed with the Nextera DNA Library Prep Kit (Illumina) and sequenced on a HiSeq2500 Sequencer.
Experiment attributes:
GEO Accession: GSM2819655
Links:
Runs: 1 run, 55.4M spots, 5.6G bases, 2.4Gb
Run# of Spots# of BasesSizePublished
SRR618864355,369,2405.6G2.4Gb2018-09-13

ID:
4623467

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