show Abstracthide AbstractLipid homeostasis is dysregulated in several forms of neurodegeneration. Here we examined changes in sterols, neutral lipids and transcripts that control their homeostasis during the neuronal death induced in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampus by focal kainic acid (KA) injection. We defined changes in the lipid economy of neurons and glial cells by staining for neutral lipids and for free cholesterol. Lipid droplets filled with neutral lipids were induced in microglia at ~24 hrs after KA-treatment. At 2-4 days after injection, filipin staining revealed punctate deposits of free cholesterol in neuronal somata. These changes were correlated with alterations in cellular organelles observed in electron microscopy and transcriptomic changes obtained with RNA-seq of tissue from the CA1 region. Mitochondria, the innate inflammatory response and lipids. Lipid droplet transcriptome. Cholesterol economy. Lipids and phagocytosis. Overall design: Comparaison of mouse hippocampus CA1 area transcriptome at 6 hours, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 days after injection of Kainate or NaCl.