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Miller ZA, Mueller A, Thompson JC, Williams JS, Park A, Darwich NF, Kouakou YI, Sywanycz SM, Buchler BL, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Cohen NA, Carey RM, Lee RJ. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3-oxo-C12HSL-induced apoptosis involves bitter taste receptor T2R14 and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Cell Calcium. 2026 Jul;136:103141. doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2026.103141. Epub 2026 May 5. PubMed PMID: 42119389.
Polen K, Sywanycz S, Turner G, Hill BL, Huang L, Miller ZA, Hanna C, Raghav L, Basu D, Lee RJ, Carey RM. Cigarette Smoke Exposure Attenuates T2R-Mediated Apoptosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Head Neck. 2026 Apr 25;. doi: 10.1002/hed.70290. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 42033132.
Sywanycz S, Hill BL, Miller ZA, Turner G, Huang L, Polen K, Lee RJ, Carey RM. T2R5 Agonist Phendione Decreases Cell Viability and Induces Apoptosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2026 Mar 2;25(3):396-407. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-25-0358. PubMed PMID: 41201971; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12818364.
Thompson JC, Park A, Kouakou YI, Miller ZA, Darwich NF, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Carey RM, Lee RJ. Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Toxicity and Cytotoxicity Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pyocyanin in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2026 May;16(5):451-466. doi: 10.1002/alr.70084. Epub 2025 Dec 19. PubMed PMID: 41416815; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC13147224.
Turner G, Sywanycz SM, Buchler BL, Wardlow RD 2nd, Lee RJ, Carey RM. Quercetin as a Bitter Taste Receptor Agonist with Anticancer Effects in Head and Neck Cancer Cells. Nutrients. 2025 Oct 14;17(20). doi: 10.3390/nu17203224. PubMed PMID: 41156476; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12567344.
Turner G, Sywanycz SM, Hill BL, Wardlow RD, Lee RJ, Carey RM. Quercetin as a Bitter Taste Receptor Agonist with Anticancer Effects in Head and Neck Cancer Cells. bioRxiv. 2025 Oct 1;. doi: 10.1101/2025.09.17.676947. PubMed PMID: 41000696; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12458154.
Sywanycz S, Hill BL, Miller ZA, Turner G, Huang L, Polen K, Lee RJ, Carey RM. T2R5 agonist phendione decreases cell viability and induces apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. bioRxiv. 2025 May 18;. doi: 10.1101/2025.05.14.654120. PubMed PMID: 40462977; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12132301.
Wei K, Hill BL, Thompson JC, Miller ZA, Mueller A, Lee RJ, Carey RM. Bitter Taste Receptor Agonists Induce Apoptosis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Head Neck. 2025 Aug;47(8):2101-2113. doi: 10.1002/hed.28120. Epub 2025 Mar 5. PubMed PMID: 40040415; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12248276.
Miller ZA, Carey RM, Lee RJ. A deadly taste: linking bitter taste receptors and apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2025 Apr;30(3-4):674-692. doi: 10.1007/s10495-025-02091-3. Epub 2025 Feb 20. Review. PubMed PMID: 39979526; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11946974.
Lee RJ, Cohen NA. Innate immune function in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2025 May;155(5):1472-1474. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.01.022. Epub 2025 Jan 28. PubMed PMID: 39884557; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12466336.
Kouakou YI, Thompson JC, Tan LH, Miller ZA, Ma RZ, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Cohen NA, Lee RJ. Hops bitter β-acids have antibacterial effects against sinonasal Staphylococcus aureus but also induce sinonasal cilia and mitochondrial dysfunction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2025 Mar;15(3):287-302. doi: 10.1002/alr.23487. Epub 2024 Nov 13. PubMed PMID: 39533961; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11872787.
Sell EA, Tan LH, Renner DM, Douglas J, Lee RJ, Kohanski MA, Bosso JV, Kennedy DW, Palmer JN, Adappa ND, Weiss SR, Cohen NA. Common Cold Coronavirus 229E Induces Higher Interferon Stimulating Gene Responses in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyposis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2025 Jan;39(1):13-20. doi: 10.1177/19458924241276274. Epub 2024 Nov 8. PubMed PMID: 39513200; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11626848.
Miller ZA, Mueller A, Thompson JC, Sywanycz SM, Hill BL, Carey RM, Lee RJ. Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolite 3-oxo-C12HSL induces apoptosis through T2R14 and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. bioRxiv. 2024 Oct 29;. doi: 10.1101/2024.10.24.620094. PubMed PMID: 39553967; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11565734.
Wei K, Hill BL, Miller ZA, Mueller A, Thompson JC, Lee RJ, Carey RM. Bitter Taste Receptor Agonists Induce Apoptosis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. bioRxiv. 2024 Oct 22;. doi: 10.1101/2024.10.18.618693. PubMed PMID: 39484580; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11527002.
Harris JC, Lee RJ, Carey RM. Extragustatory bitter taste receptors in head and neck health and disease. J Mol Med (Berl). 2024 Dec;102(12):1413-1424. doi: 10.1007/s00109-024-02490-0. Epub 2024 Sep 25. Review. PubMed PMID: 39317733; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11579162.
Miller ZA, Muthuswami S, Mueller A, Ma RZ, Sywanycz SM, Naik A, Huang L, Brody RM, Diab A, Carey RM, Lee RJ. GLUT1 inhibitor BAY-876 induces apoptosis and enhances anti-cancer effects of bitter receptor agonists in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Cell Death Discov. 2024 Jul 25;10(1):339. doi: 10.1038/s41420-024-02106-z. PubMed PMID: 39060287; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11282258.
Workman AD, Lee RJ, Cohen NA. Aerosolized Particulate Matter and Blunting of Ciliary Dynamic Responses: Implications for Veterans and Active Duty Military in Southwest Asia. Mil Med. 2024 Jul 3;189(7-8):e1537-e1543. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usae007. PubMed PMID: 38287786.
Lee RJ, Adappa ND, Palmer JN. Effects of Akt Activator SC79 on Human M0 Macrophage Phagocytosis and Cytokine Production. Cells. 2024 May 24;13(11). doi: 10.3390/cells13110902. PubMed PMID: 38891035; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11171788.
Lee RJ, Adappa ND, Palmer JN. Akt activator SC79 stimulates antibacterial nitric oxide generation in human nasal epithelial cells in vitro. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2024 Jul;14(7):1147-1162. doi: 10.1002/alr.23318. Epub 2024 Jan 10. PubMed PMID: 38197521; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11219270.
Miller ZA, Mueller A, Kim T, Jolivert JF, Ma RZ, Muthuswami S, Park A, McMahon DB, Nead KT, Carey RM, Lee RJ. Lidocaine induces apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through activation of bitter taste receptor T2R14. Cell Rep. 2023 Dec 26;42(12):113437. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113437. Epub 2023 Nov 22. PubMed PMID: 37995679; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10842818.
Kouakou YI, Lee RJ. Interkingdom Detection of Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules by Mammalian Taste Receptors. Microorganisms. 2023 May 16;11(5). doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11051295. Review. PubMed PMID: 37317269; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10221136.
Danielli S, Ma Z, Pantazi E, Kumar A, Demarco B, Fischer FA, Paudel U, Weissenrieder J, Lee RJ, Joyce S, Foskett JK, Bezbradica JS. The ion channel CALHM6 controls bacterial infection-induced cellular cross-talk at the immunological synapse. EMBO J. 2023 Apr 3;42(7):e111450. doi: 10.15252/embj.2022111450. Epub 2023 Mar 2. PubMed PMID: 36861806; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10068325.
McMahon DB, Jolivert JF, Kuek LE, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. Utilizing the Off-Target Effects of T1R3 Antagonist Lactisole to Enhance Nitric Oxide Production in Basal Airway Epithelial Cells. Nutrients. 2023 Jan 19;15(3). doi: 10.3390/nu15030517. PubMed PMID: 36771227; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9919013.
Carey RM, Palmer JN, Adappa ND, Lee RJ. Loss of CFTR function is associated with reduced bitter taste receptor-stimulated nitric oxide innate immune responses in nasal epithelial cells and macrophages. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1096242. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1096242. eCollection 2023. PubMed PMID: 36742335; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9890060.
McMahon DB, Jolivert JF, Kuek LE, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. Savory Signaling: T1R Umami Receptor Modulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Store Content and Release Dynamics in Airway Epithelial Cells. Nutrients. 2023 Jan 18;15(3). doi: 10.3390/nu15030493. PubMed PMID: 36771200; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9919336.
Sell EA, Tan LH, Lin C, Bosso JV, Palmer JN, Adappa ND, Lee RJ, Kohanski MA, Reed DR, Cohen NA. Microbial metabolite succinate activates solitary chemosensory cells in the human sinonasal epithelium. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2023 Aug;13(8):1525-1534. doi: 10.1002/alr.23104. Epub 2023 Jan 10. PubMed PMID: 36565436.
Carey RM, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Cohen NA, Lee RJ. Taste receptor T1R3 in nasal cilia detects Staphylococcus aureus D-amino acids to enhance apical glucose uptake. bioRxiv 2022.10.21.512955 [Preprint]. 2022 October. bioRxiv 2022.10.21.512955Available from: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.512955v1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.21.512955.
Carey RM, Kim T, Cohen NA, Lee RJ, Nead KT. Impact of sweet, umami, and bitter taste receptor (TAS1R and TAS2R) genomic and expression alterations in solid tumors on survival. Sci Rep. 2022 May 27;12(1):8937. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12788-z. PubMed PMID: 35624283; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9142493.
Carey RM, Hariri BM, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. HSP90 Modulates T2R Bitter Taste Receptor Nitric Oxide Production and Innate Immune Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Macrophages. Cells. 2022 Apr 27;11(9). doi: 10.3390/cells11091478. PubMed PMID: 35563784; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9101439.
Kuek LE, McMahon DB, Ma RZ, Miller ZA, Jolivert JF, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. Cilia Stimulatory and Antibacterial Activities of T2R Bitter Taste Receptor Agonist Diphenhydramine: Insights into Repurposing Bitter Drugs for Nasal Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Apr 6;15(4). doi: 10.3390/ph15040452. PubMed PMID: 35455449; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9025516.
Carey RM, McMahon DB, Miller ZA, Kim T, Rajasekaran K, Gopallawa I, Newman JG, Basu D, Nead KT, White EA, Lee RJ. T2R bitter taste receptors regulate apoptosis and may be associated with survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol. 2022 Apr;16(7):1474-1492. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.13131. Epub 2021 Dec 14. PubMed PMID: 34717036; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8978516.
McMahon DB, Kuek LE, Johnson ME, Johnson PO, Horn RLJ, Carey RM, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. The bitter end: T2R bitter receptor agonists elevate nuclear calcium and induce apoptosis in non-ciliated airway epithelial cells. Cell Calcium. 2022 Jan;101:102499. doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102499. Epub 2021 Nov 8. PubMed PMID: 34839223; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8752513.
Gopallawa I, Kuek LE, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. Small-molecule Akt-activation in airway cells induces NO production and reduces IL-8 transcription through Nrf-2. Respir Res. 2021 Oct 19;22(1):267. doi: 10.1186/s12931-021-01865-y. PubMed PMID: 34666758; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8525858.
Carey RM, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. Neuropeptide Y Reduces Nasal Epithelial T2R Bitter Taste Receptor-Stimulated Nitric Oxide Production. Nutrients. 2021 Sep 27;13(10). doi: 10.3390/nu13103392. PubMed PMID: 34684394; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8538228.
McMahon DB, Carey RM, Kohanski MA, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. PAR-2-activated secretion by airway gland serous cells: role for CFTR and inhibition by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2021 May 1;320(5):L845-L879. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00411.2020. Epub 2021 Mar 3. PubMed PMID: 33655758; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8174824.
Gopallawa I, Lee RJ. Targeting the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in airway innate immunity. World J Biol Chem. 2020 Sep 27;11(2):30-51. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i2.30. Review. PubMed PMID: 33024516; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7520643.
Kuek LE, Lee RJ. First contact: the role of respiratory cilia in host-pathogen interactions in the airways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2020 Oct 1;319(4):L603-L619. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00283.2020. Epub 2020 Aug 12. Review. PubMed PMID: 32783615; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7516383.
Carey RM, Freund JR, Hariri BM, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. Polarization of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) signaling is altered during airway epithelial remodeling and deciliation. J Biol Chem. 2020 May 8;295(19):6721-6740. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.012710. Epub 2020 Apr 2. PubMed PMID: 32241907; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7212650.
McMahon DB, Carey RM, Kohanski MA, Tong CCL, Papagiannopoulos P, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. Neuropeptide regulation of secretion and inflammation in human airway gland serous cells. Eur Respir J. 2020 Apr;55(4). doi: 10.1183/13993003.01386-2019. Print 2020 Apr. PubMed PMID: 32029445; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7166175.
Gopallawa I, Freund JR, Lee RJ. Bitter taste receptors stimulate phagocytosis in human macrophages through calcium, nitric oxide, and cyclic-GMP signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021 Jan;78(1):271-286. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03494-y. Epub 2020 Mar 14. PubMed PMID: 32172302; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7492447.
Carey RM, Lee RJ. Taste Receptors in Upper Airway Innate Immunity. Nutrients. 2019 Aug 28;11(9). doi: 10.3390/nu11092017. Review. PubMed PMID: 31466230; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6770031.
Lee RJ, Cohen NA. Physiology of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses. In: de Souza C, editor. Head and Neck Surgery 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2018. Chapter 76.
Freund JR, Mansfield CJ, Doghramji LJ, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, Reed DR, Jiang P, Lee RJ. Activation of airway epithelial bitter taste receptors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa quinolones modulates calcium, cyclic-AMP, and nitric oxide signaling. J Biol Chem. 2018 Jun 22;293(25):9824-9840. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA117.001005. Epub 2018 May 10. PubMed PMID: 29748385; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6016477.
Ma Z, Taruno A, Ohmoto M, Jyotaki M, Lim JC, Miyazaki H, Niisato N, Marunaka Y, Lee RJ, Hoff H, Payne R, Demuro A, Parker I, Mitchell CH, Henao-Mejia J, Tanis JE, Matsumoto I, Tordoff MG, Foskett JK. CALHM3 Is Essential for Rapid Ion Channel-Mediated Purinergic Neurotransmission of GPCR-Mediated Tastes. Neuron. 2018 May 2;98(3):547-561.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.043. Epub 2018 Apr 19. PubMed PMID: 29681531; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5934295.
Workman AD, Maina IW, Brooks SG, Kohanski MA, Cowart BJ, Mansfield C, Kennedy DW, Palmer JN, Adappa ND, Reed DR, Lee RJ, Cohen NA. The Role of Quinine-Responsive Taste Receptor Family 2 in Airway Immune Defense and Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Front Immunol. 2018;9:624. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00624. eCollection 2018. PubMed PMID: 29643854; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5882797.
Freund JR, Lee RJ. Taste receptors in the upper airway. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018 Mar;4(1):67-76. doi: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2018.02.004. eCollection 2018 Mar. Review. PubMed PMID: 30035264; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6051256.
McMahon DB, Lee RJ. Immune Responses in the Upper Respiratory Tract in Health and Disease. In: Chatterjee S, Jungraithmayr W, Baghchi D, editors. Emerging Roles of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in Immune Support Amsterdam: Elsevier (Academic Press); 2017. Chapter 8. 101-112p.
Hariri BM, McMahon DB, Chen B, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, Lee RJ. Plant flavones enhance antimicrobial activity of respiratory epithelial cell secretions against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS One. 2017;12(9):e0185203. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185203. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 28931063; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5607194.
Lee RJ, Hariri BM, McMahon DB, Chen B, Doghramji L, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, Jiang P, Margolskee RF, Cohen NA. Bacterial d-amino acids suppress sinonasal innate immunity through sweet taste receptors in solitary chemosensory cells. Sci Signal. 2017 Sep 5;10(495). doi: 10.1126/scisignal.aam7703. PubMed PMID: 28874606; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5615852.
McMahon DB, Workman AD, Kohanski MA, Carey RM, Freund JR, Hariri BM, Chen B, Doghramji LJ, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, Lee RJ. Protease-activated receptor 2 activates airway apical membrane chloride permeability and increases ciliary beating. FASEB J. 2018 Jan;32(1):155-167. doi: 10.1096/fj.201700114RRR. Epub 2017 Sep 5. PubMed PMID: 28874459; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5731123.
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