Abstract
Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) and VLDL receptor belong to the low density lipoprotein receptor family and bind apolipoprotein E. These receptors interact with the clathrin machinery to mediate endocytosis of macromolecules but also interact with other adapter proteins to perform as signal transduction receptors. The best characterized signaling pathway in which ApoER2 and VLDL receptor (VLDLR) are involved is the Reelin pathway. This pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of laminated structures of the brain and in synaptic plasticity of the adult brain. Since Reelin and apolipoprotein E, are ligands of ApoER2 and VLDLR, these receptors are of interest with respect to Alzheimer's disease. We will focus this review on the complex structure of ApoER2 and VLDLR and a recently characterized ligand, namely clusterin.
Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease; VLDL receptor; apolipoprotein E receptor 2; clusterin; reelin.
MeSH terms
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Alzheimer Disease / genetics
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Alzheimer Disease / metabolism
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Animals
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Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / genetics
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Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / metabolism
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Clusterin / genetics
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Clusterin / metabolism
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Extracellular Matrix Proteins / genetics
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Extracellular Matrix Proteins / metabolism
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Gene Expression
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Humans
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LDL-Receptor Related Proteins / chemistry
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LDL-Receptor Related Proteins / genetics
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LDL-Receptor Related Proteins / metabolism*
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Nerve Tissue Proteins / genetics
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Nerve Tissue Proteins / metabolism
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Protein Binding
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Receptors, LDL / chemistry
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Receptors, LDL / genetics
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Receptors, LDL / metabolism*
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Reelin Protein
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Serine Endopeptidases / genetics
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Serine Endopeptidases / metabolism
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Structure-Activity Relationship
Substances
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Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal
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Clusterin
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Extracellular Matrix Proteins
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LDL-Receptor Related Proteins
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Nerve Tissue Proteins
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Receptors, LDL
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Reelin Protein
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VLDL receptor
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low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8
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RELN protein, human
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Serine Endopeptidases