| Behaviour change technique | Effective n = 13a | Ineffective n = 26b | Not clear n = 4c | Total n = 43d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Provide information on consequences of behaviour in general | 6 | 7 | 1 | 14 |
| 2 | Provide information on consequences of behaviour to the individual | 5 | 6 | 11 | |
| 3 | Provide information about others' approval | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4 | Provide normative information about others' behaviour | 4 | 4 | ||
| 5 | Goal setting (behaviour) | 4 | 8 | 2 | 14 |
| 6 | Goal setting (outcome) | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 7 | Action planning | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 8 | Barrier identification/problem solving | 5 | 7 | 1 | 13 |
| 9 | Set graded tasks | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| 10 | Prompt review of behavioural goals | 5 | 5 | 1 | 11 |
| 11 | Prompt review of outcome goals | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 12 | Provide rewards contingent on effort or progress towards behaviour | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| 13 | Provide rewards contingent on successful behaviour | 2 | 2 | ||
| 14 | Shaping | 1 | 1 | ||
| 15 | Prompting generalisation of a target behaviour | 1 | 1 | ||
| 16 | Prompt self-monitoring of behaviour | 4 | 8 | 12 | |
| 17 | Prompt self-monitoring of behavioural outcome | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
| 18 | Prompting focus on past success | 1 | 1 | ||
| 19 | Provide feedback on performance | 7 | 6 | 1 | 14 |
| 20 | Provide information on where and when to perform the behaviour | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| 21 | Provide instruction on how to perform the behaviour | 4 | 7 | 1 | 12 |
| 22 | Model/demonstrate the behaviour | 1 | 5 | 6 | |
| 23 | Teach to use prompts/cues | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
| 24 | Environmental restructuring | 1 | 1 | ||
| 25 | Agree behavioural contract | 0 | |||
| 26 | Prompt practice | 0 | |||
| 27 | Use of follow up prompts | 1 | 1 | ||
| 28 | Facilitate social comparison | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| 29 | Plan social support/social change | 3 | 7 | 10 | |
| 30 | Prompt identification as role model/position advocate | 1 | 1 | ||
| 31 | Prompt anticipated regret | 0 | |||
| 32 | Fear arousal | 3 | 3 | 6 | |
| 33 | Prompt self-talk | 0 | |||
| 34 | Prompt use of imagery | 0 | |||
| 35 | Relapse prevention/coping planning | 1 | 1 | ||
| 36 | Stress management | 0 | |||
| 37 | Emotional control training | 1 | 1 | ||
| 38 | Motivational interviewing | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 39 | Time management | 0 | |||
| 40 | General communication skills training | 0 | |||
| 41 | Stimulate anticipation of future rewards | 0 | |||
| 42 | General planning | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 43 | Tailoringe | 13 | 26 | 4 | 43 |
Effective = statistical significance, in the intended direction, comparing final follow-up time-point between intervention and control groups (change from baseline not assessed).
Includes those studies in which statistically significant effect was found in the opposite direction to that intended.
One study63 did not specify any details about the intervention and therefore no behaviour change techniques could be entered.
Tailoring should have been used in all studies, as it is a requirement for inclusion in the review.
From: Appendix 8, Behaviour change techniques and effectiveness
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