Proteoglycans as Immunomodulators of the Innate Immune Response to Lung Infection

J Histochem Cytochem. 2018 Apr;66(4):241-259. doi: 10.1369/0022155417751880. Epub 2018 Jan 12.

Abstract

Proteoglycans (PGs) are complex, multifaceted molecules that participate in diverse interactions vital for physiological and pathological processes. As structural components, they provide a scaffold for cells and structural organization that helps define tissue architecture. Through interactions with water, PGs enable molecular and cellular movement through tissues. Through selective ionic interactions with growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, and proteases, PGs facilitate the ability of these soluble ligands to regulate intracellular signaling events and to influence the inflammatory response. In addition, recent findings now demonstrate that PGs can activate danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and other signaling pathways to influence production of many of these soluble ligands, indicating a more direct role for PGs in influencing the immune response and tissue inflammation. This review will focus on PGs that are selectively expressed during lung inflammation and will examine the novel emerging concept of PGs as immunomodulatory regulators of the innate immune responses in lungs.

Keywords: extracellular matrix; innate immunity; pulmonary inflammation; versican.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Communicable Diseases / immunology
  • Communicable Diseases / pathology
  • Extracellular Matrix / immunology
  • Extracellular Matrix / pathology
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate*
  • Immunomodulation
  • Lung / immunology*
  • Lung / pathology
  • Pneumonia / immunology*
  • Pneumonia / pathology
  • Proteoglycans / immunology*
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • Proteoglycans