Higher CSF interleukin-6 and CSF interleukin-8 in current depression in older women. Results from a population-based sample

Silke Kern; Ingmar Skoog; Anne Börjesson-Hanson; Kaj Blennow; Henrik Zetterberg; Svante Ostling; Jürgen Kern; Pia Gudmundsson; Thomas Marlow; Lars Rosengren; Margda Waern

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.006

Higher CSF interleukin-6 and CSF interleukin-8 in current depression in older women. Results from a population-based sample

Brain Behav Immun. 2014 Oct:41:55-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.006. Epub 2014 May 20.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallinsgatan 6, 43141 Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden. Electronic address: silke.kern@vgregion.se.
² Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallinsgatan 6, 43141 Mölndal, Sweden. Electronic address: ingmar.skoog@neuro.gu.se.
³ Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallinsgatan 6, 43141 Mölndal, Sweden. Electronic address: anne.borjesson@neuro.gu.se.
⁴ Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden. Electronic address: kaj.blennow@neuro.gu.se.
⁵ Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom. Electronic address: henrik.zetterberg@clinchem.gu.se.
⁶ Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallinsgatan 6, 43141 Mölndal, Sweden. Electronic address: svante.ostling@neuro.gu.se.
⁷ Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallinsgatan 6, 43141 Mölndal, Sweden. Electronic address: jurgen.kern@neuro.gu.se.
⁸ Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallinsgatan 6, 43141 Mölndal, Sweden. Electronic address: pia.gudmundsson@neuro.gu.se.
⁹ Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallinsgatan 6, 43141 Mölndal, Sweden. Electronic address: tom.marlow@neuro.gu.se.
¹⁰ Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: lars.rosengren@neuro.gu.se.
¹¹ Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallinsgatan 6, 43141 Mölndal, Sweden. Electronic address: margda.waern@neuro.gu.se.

PMID: 24858658
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.006

Abstract

Objective: The literature regarding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines in geriatric depression is sparse. The aim of this study was to examine associations between CSF interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and depression in a population-based sample of older women who were followed for 17 years.

Methods: 86 dementia-free women aged 70-84 years who participated in the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden took part in a lumbar puncture in 1992-3. CSF IL-6 and CSF IL-8 were measured. Psychiatric symptoms were rated with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale at baseline and at three subsequent face-to-face examinations. Depression (major or minor) was diagnosed in accordance with DSM-IV/DSM-IV research criteria.

Results: At baseline, women with ongoing major (n=10) or minor depression (n=9) had higher levels of CSF IL-6 (p=0.008) and CSF IL-8 (p=0.007) compared with those without depression (n=67). Higher CSF IL-8 was related to higher MADRS score (p=0.003). New cases of depression were observed in 9 women during follow-ups. No associations between CSF cytokine levels and future depression could be shown in women without depression at baseline.

Conclusion: Higher levels of CSF IL-6 and IL-8 were associated with current depression in this population-based sample. CSF IL-6 and CSF IL-8 may play a role in depression in late life.

Keywords: CSF; Depression; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Older women; Population-based; Prospective.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging / cerebrospinal fluid
Aging / psychology
Antidepressive Agents / therapeutic use
Biomarkers
Depression / cerebrospinal fluid*
Depression / diagnosis
Depression / drug therapy
Depressive Disorder / cerebrospinal fluid*
Depressive Disorder / diagnosis
Depressive Disorder / drug therapy
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Interleukin-6 / cerebrospinal fluid*
Interleukin-8 / cerebrospinal fluid*
Interview, Psychological
Prospective Studies
Severity of Illness Index
Sweden

Substances

Antidepressive Agents
Biomarkers
IL6 protein, human
Interleukin-6
Interleukin-8