Chlorella vulgaris Induces Apoptosis of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) Cells

Med Chem. 2017;13(6):560-568. doi: 10.2174/1573406413666170510102024.

Abstract

Objective: Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris), a unicellular green microalga, has been widely used as a food supplement and reported to have antioxidant and anticancer properties. The current study was designed to assess the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and DNA-damaging effects of C. vulgaris growth factor (CGF), hot water C. vulgaris extracts, inlung tumor A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines.

Methods: A549 cells, NCI-H460 cells, and normal human fibroblasts were treated with CGF at various concentrations (0-300 μg/ml) for 24 hr. The comet assay and γH2AX assay showed DNA damage in A549 and NCI-H460 cells upon CGF exposure. Evaluation of apoptosis by the TUNEL assay and DNA fragmentation analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis showed that CGF induced apoptosis in A549 and NCI-H460 cells.

Results: Chlorella vulgaris hot water extract induced apoptosis and DNA damage in human lung carcinoma cells.

Conclusion: CGF can thus be considered a potential cytotoxic or genotoxic drug for treatment of lung carcinoma.

Keywords: Apoptosis; C. vulgarisgro with factor (CGF); DNA damage; cytotoxicity; lung carcinoma; medicinal plants; nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Apoptosis / drug effects*
  • Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / pathology*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Chlorella vulgaris / chemistry*
  • DNA Damage
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Plant Extracts