Background: Incident events of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are heterogenous and may result in different mortality risks. Such evidence may help inform patient and physician decisions in CVD prevention and risk factor management.
Aims: This study aimed to determine the extent to which incident events of common CVD show heterogeneous associations with subsequent mortality risk in the general population.
Methods and results: Based on England-wide linked electronic health records, we established a cohort of 1 310 518 people ≥30 years of age initially free of CVD and followed up for non-fatal events of 12 common CVD and cause-specific mortality. The 12 CVDs were considered as time-varying exposures in Cox's proportional hazards models to estimate hazard rate ratios (HRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over the median follow-up of 4.2 years (2010-16), 81 516 non-fatal CVD, 10 906 cardiovascular deaths, and 40 843 non-cardiovascular deaths occurred. All 12 CVDs were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, with HRR (95% CI) ranging from 1.67 (1.47-1.89) for stable angina to 7.85 (6.62-9.31) for haemorrhagic stroke. All 12 CVDs were also associated with increased non-cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk but to a lesser extent: HRR (95% CI) ranged from 1.10 (1.00-1.22) to 4.55 (4.03-5.13) and from 1.24 (1.13-1.35) to 4.92 (4.44-5.46) for transient ischaemic attack and sudden cardiac arrest, respectively.
Conclusion: Incident events of 12 common CVD show significant adverse and markedly differential associations with subsequent cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality risk in the general population.
Keywords: Coronary heart disease; Epidemiology; Incidence; Prevention; Stroke; Survival analysis.
We linked data available for 1.31 million people seen by English general practitioners in 2010 with data from hospital admissions and death certificates up to 2016 to investigate the risk of death in people who suffered from any of 12 common cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) compared with those who did not. The results show heterogeneously increased risks of death in people who suffered from any of 12 common CVD when compared with people who remained CVD free. The results support efforts of prevention for the entire spectrum of CVD including alleged minor types such as stable angina and transient ischaemic attack.
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