Acute myelitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. A new etiology of myelitis?

J Clin Neurosci. 2020 Oct:80:280-281. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.07.074. Epub 2020 Sep 30.

Abstract

The etiological agent of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread worldwide leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to recognize it not only as a pandemic but also as an important thread to public health. Beyond respiratory symptoms, new neurological manifestations are being identified such as headache, ageusia, anosmia, encephalitis or acute cerebrovascular disease. Here we report the case of an acute transverse myelitis (TM) in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection detected by the nasopharyngeal swab technique but not in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and varicella-zoster IgM antibodies were not detected in serum samples and spinal and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no abnormal findings. This case remarks that COVID-19 nervous system damage could be caused by immune-mediated mechanisms.

Keywords: Acute transverse myelitis; COVID-19; Neurological symptoms; SARS-CoV-2.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Betacoronavirus / isolation & purification
  • COVID-19
  • Coronavirus Infections / blood
  • Coronavirus Infections / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Coronavirus Infections / complications*
  • Coronavirus Infections / diagnostic imaging
  • Encephalitis / blood
  • Encephalitis / diagnostic imaging
  • Encephalitis / virology
  • Headache / virology
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Myelitis / blood
  • Myelitis / diagnostic imaging
  • Myelitis / virology*
  • Nervous System Diseases / virology
  • Pandemics
  • Pneumonia, Viral / blood
  • Pneumonia, Viral / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Pneumonia, Viral / complications*
  • Pneumonia, Viral / diagnostic imaging
  • SARS-CoV-2

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral