Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs) arising in the cerebellum is extremely low, making the differential diagnosis difficult or even impossible. The purpose of this study was to define the MR features of cerebellar PCNSL in immunocompetent patients, and to determine whether a combination of conventional MR and DW imaging can assist in the differentiation of PCNSLs and HGGs. Twelve PCNSLs and 15 HGGs confirmed by pathological analysis were retrospectively identified. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and conventional MRI parameters were compared for differences between PCNSL and HGG groups using the independent sample t test or chi-square test. Both ADCmin and ADCtotal values were lower in the PCNSL group than those in the HGG group (ADCmin: 0.53 × 10-3 vs. 0.83 × 10-3 mm2/sec, P < 0.001; ADCtotal: 0.66 × 10-3 vs. 0.98 × 10-3 mm2/sec, P = 0.001). As for conventional MR features, there were significant difference in the tumor size, enhancement patterns, the presence of cystic changes, edema degree and streak-like edema (all P < 0.01); but there were no significant difference in lesion type, the presence of bleeding, and involvement of brain surface between two groups (P = 0.554, 0.657 and 0.157, respectively). The results revealed that several conventional MR features, including enhancement patterns, branch-like enhancement and streak-like edema may be useful for the differentiation of PCNSL and HGG in cerebellum and, when combined with ADC values, further improve the discriminating ability.