A rare sex chromosome aneuploidy: 48,XXYY syndrome

48,XXYY syndrome is a rare sex chromosome abnormality. Although some physical features are similar to Klinefelter syndrome(47,XXY), 48,XXYY is typically associated with different neuropsyhciatric symptoms and phenotypic findings. Approximately 100 cases with 48,XXYY have been reported to date. In this report, a patient who was diagnosed with 48,XXYY syndrome with clincal evaluation and cytogenetic analysis is presented. A 6-year old male patient was hospitalized due to recurrent respiratory tract infections, recurrent abdominal distention and dyspepsia. He was the first and only child of nonconsanguineous parents. He had a history of mild developmental retardation. In his history, it was learned that he received treatment for gastroesophageal reflux and his symptoms improved with treatment. On physical examination, his weight was found to be 31 kg (>97 centile) and his height was found to be 123 cm (90 centile). He had upslanted palpebral fissures, depressed nasal bridge, long philtrum, incomplete cleft lip and micrognathia. Clinodactilia was found in the fifth fingers in both hands and large big toes and adduction in the second and third toes were found in both feet. Karyotype analysis showed a chromosomal composition of 48,XXYY. The patient presented here is the second Turkish case of 48,XXYY syndrome.