GPs often encounter patients with scrotal masses. Most of these are easily diagnosed by means of palpation and transillumination. Scrotal ultrasound is the primary radiological investigation, and should be done in cases of uncertain clinical diagnosis or when a solid mass in the scrotum is suspected. Benign processes such as hydrocele, spermatocele and varicocele are the most common causes for scrotal abnormalities. Symptomatic cases are treated with surgery or percutaneous sclerotherapy/embolization. Malignant testicular tumours, although less frequently seen, need prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Radical orchidectomy is the primary treatment, followed by radiochemotherpy in selected cases.