In order to investigate the relationship between vulvar dystrophy, malignant tumor, and estrogen, progestin receptor, we made an analysis on estrogen and progestin receptor (ER, PR) contents in 31 cases of vulvar dystrophy and 19 cases of malignant tumor, using the dextran-coated charcoal method. The Results showed that ER content of the mixed type was higher than that of the atrophic type. PR content of the mixed type was higher than that of the hyperplastic type; and the PR content of the hyperplastic type was higher than that of the atrophic type. The relationship between ER and PR contents of the vulvar dystrophy and adjacent normal tissue was in positive correlation. The PR content of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma went down along with the drop of its dedifferentiation degree. The PR content of carcinoma was much lower than that of the adjacent normal tissue. The results of suggest that the study provided theoretic basis for endocrinotherapy of the vulvar dystrophy, PR in malignant tumor is regarded as one of the indexes to predict prognosis.