Objective: To describe the prevalence of nutritional risk factors among elderly residents in a rural Hispanic and non-Hispanic white population.
Design: A geographically based survey of community-dwelling elderly adults.
Subjects/setting: From July 1993 to July 1995, all Hispanic persons older than 65 years and an age-stratified, random sample of 69% of non-Hispanic white persons, from 2 Colorado counties, were invited to participate in a study of functional impairment and disability (81% responded). After exclusion of 184 respondents who required a surrogate respondent and 8 with missing diet data, the study consisted of 1,006 subjects. Interviews included questions similar to the Nutrition screening Initiative checklist, a 21-item food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric measures.
Statistical analyses performed: Gender- and ethnicity-specific, age-adjusted prevalence for each risk factor was estimated by use of logistic regression.
Results: Hispanic participants were more likely than non-Hispanic whites to report inadequate intake of vegetables, problems with teeth or dentures that limited the kinds and amounts of food eaten, difficulty preparing meals, and lack of money needed to buy food. Hispanic women reported nutritional risk factors more often than Hispanic men, although anthropometric markers indicated that Hispanic men may be at higher risk of nutritional deficiency.
Applications/conclusions: Hispanic men and women had a higher prevalence of nutritional risk factors than non-Hispanic whites. Intervention programs targeting rural, elderly Hispanics should aim to ensure that basic nutrition needs (access to food, help preparing meals, and adequate dental care) are being met. Community programs to increase activity levels and consumption of nutrient-dense foods are recommended.