Background: The treatment results of combined pre-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy followed by surgery for patients with initially non-resectable primary rectal cancer were reviewed.
Methods: Thirteen patients with locally advanced non-resectable rectal cancer were treated with pre-operative irradiation consisting of 50.4-54 Gy plus concomitant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) delivered during the 1st and 5th weeks of radiotherapy.
Results: Following pre-operative therapy, the resectability rate was 91%, with all but one patient undergoing complete resection. The pathologic complete response rate was 10%. The overall peri-operative and postoperative complication rate was 0.8 complications per patient. There was no postoperative mortality.
Conclusions: This early experience indicates that high resectability rates are achievable with pre-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy for non-resectable rectal cancer while maintaining acceptable postoperative morbidity.