The aim of this postal questionnaire study was to measure attitudes to cuts and increased fees in health care in various Finnish population groups. Four groups were identified; a population sample of 2000 subjects, aged 18-70 y; a random sample of 1500 medical doctors of working age; a random sample of 1000 nurses of working age; and a sample of 2200 politicians involved in health and social care administration, mostly at the municipal level (altogether 6700 subjects). The main questionnaire included, among other things, the following questions: (1) Which of 18 specified medical activities at the primary health care level could be cut without causing severe harm to the population? (2) For which of 13 specified medical activities should clients pay at least 50% of the real cost? All the groups indicated the greatest willingness to cut expenditure on health education, occupational health services, hygiene inspection, substance abuse care, rehabilitation services for war veterans, and family planning. All the groups were least willing to make cuts in home care for disabled and elderly people, maternity services and clinics for under-fives. Most respondents in all groups felt that the activities for which clients should pay at least 50% of the cost were visits to physicians, occupational health services and dental services, whereas clinics for under-five and home care for disabled and elderly persons should be kept free of charge. As a conclusion, primary health care and prevention of diseases for small children, mothers, the elderly and disabled persons, were prioritised by all the groups.