Fifty-three lung masses were found in 51 (16%) of 325 patients who underwent lung volume reduction surgery. This included 11 non-small cell lung cancers and 42 benign lung masses. Eleven patients (mean age, 69.4 years) underwent a combined lung volume reduction surgery and resection of clinical stage I lung cancers (lymph node dissection with either lobectomy [3] or wedge resection [8]). There were no deaths or major complications. The average length of stay was 8.7 days. The mean FEV1 was 654 mL (21.7% predicted) preoperatively and 1,079 mL (49% predicted) postoperatively. Patients who are screened for lung volume reduction surgery should be carefully evaluated for possible lung masses. Lung volume reduction surgery allows lung cancer surgery in patients who otherwise would be considered to have physiologically inoperable disease.