This paper briefly outlines the major ethical issues which need to be considered when conducting paediatric research. An overview of ethical theories and principles will highlight the difficulties which may be experienced when making decisions about children's competency to consent to participate in research. The congruency of the paediatric nurse as 'researcher' and 'practitioner' will be examined. Does the nurse involved in paediatric research experience a conflict between a commitment to research and safeguarding the interests and well-being of the child.