A mixed affective syndrome is described which meets the criteria for major depression but not those of the DSM III-R for a mixed state. The clinical picture is characterized by lack of motor retardation and fluent verbalization; the facial expression is animated and sometimes dramatic. Patients suffer considerably and are often tearful. They complain of inner tension and restlessness, racing thoughts and despair. Emotional lability and momentary irritability are observed. Insomnia occurs initially or with frequent early waking. Suicidal ideation occurs and makes the syndrome of concern in view of its impulsive nature. Antidepressants increase restlessness, insomnia, aggressiveness and the impulsiveness of suicidal ideation. Low-dose neuroleptics, lithium and anticonvulsivants are highly effective. A few sessions of ECT offer rapid improvement.