Ischemic stroke in the young is uncommon, but we currently evaluate at least one young stroke patient at our institutions each week. We undertook this chart review of strokes in patients between the ages of 6 months and 39 years to review all conditions associated with, and thus possibly contributory to, the stroke. We also compare younger and older age groups to observe if age-dependent factors exist. Of 100 total ischemic strokes, 22 were in persons 6 months to 18 years and 78 were in persons 19 to 39 years. Seventy-five percent of strokes were associated with a condition known or postulated to increase stroke risk. Some of these conditions are well accepted as causes for stroke, such as some forms of heart disease, whereas others are only postulated, such as the hypercoagulable states. Taken as a whole, associated conditions were approximately equally divided between infectious/inflammatory, structural, and presumed hypercoagulable conditions. Strokes in the first two decades of life were more commonly associated with infectious/inflammatory conditions, whereas strokes in the next two decades more commonly had structural or presumed hypercoagulable associated conditions. Since many strokes remain unexplained, it would be valuable to determine the significance, if any, of conditions less well known as risk factors for stroke.