Comparative studies between activity of serumlipase, lipaseevocationstest and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) in 45 patients with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cysts or pancreatic carcinoma confirm, that elevated enzyme values after caerulein stimulation indicate an alteration of the pancreatic parenchyma. However, this findings does not give information on the etiology of the damage. On the basis of the presented results it seems that the lipase-evocationstest has only limited value as screening method within the total of clinical methods for the assessment of light and medium severe stages of chronic pancreatitis and accompanying forms of pancreatitis. There is no evidence that this method may be used for screening for carcinoma of the pancreas. A positive result gives a valuable information, but the lack of an increase of lipase activity does not exclude the existence of pancreatic affection. In each case with clinical suspicion for pancreatic disease further diagnostic investigation by the ERCP and additional radiographic methods should be performed.