From October 1991 through April 1992, 16 infants aged 5 to 25 months (mean age 14.3 months) underwent bronchoscopy with a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope, under local anesthesia. The technique is described in detail. Reasons for bronchoscopy included recurrent or persistent pneumonia (n = 4), persistent atelectasia (n = 4), lymphadenopathy and/or airway compression (n = 2), suspected foreign body (n = 2), bronchoalveolar lavage to investigate diffuse interstitial lung disease (n = 2), and severe recurrent wheezing (n = 2). The procedure established the accurate diagnosis in 14 cases. Adverse events (32%) were minor (transient hypoxia, n = 3; moderate fever, n = 1; and laryngospasm, n = 1) and resolved completely. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy under local anesthesia is a simple procedure which is safe in patients under 30 months of age when performed by a experienced operator in an adequate facility. This method is useful for the diagnosis and/or treatment of a broad spectrum of conditions.