Lightness constancy requires that a surface retain its lightness not only when the illumination is changed but also when the surface is moved from one background to another. Occlusion of one surface by another frequently results in a retinal juxtaposition of patches under different illuminations. At such edges, retinal luminance ratios can be much higher than in scenes with a single illumination. We demonstrate that such retinal adjacencies can produce failures of lightness constancy. We argue that they are responsible for departures from perfect lightness constancy in two prior experiments that examined the effects of depth relations on lightness constancy.