The incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in Israel is largely unknown, as is the impact of this condition on the neurological diseases of childhood. We examined the association between toxoplasmosis and three neurological disorders: epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and nerve deafness. Ninety-five children 1-15 years of age who had one of these three diagnoses but who had not had perinatal meningitis or anoxia and had no genetic predisposition for the documented neurological disorder were eligible for the study; 109 children hospitalized for elective surgery served as age-matched controls. Demographic and serological data were analyzed by logistic regression. The prevalences of serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in the study and control groups were 22% and 9%, respectively. Children with one of the three neurological disorders were significantly more likely to have IgG antibodies to T. gondii (relative risk, 2.5; P = .03). The relative risk of seropositivity was remarkably high (7.1) among children with nerve deafness (P = .01). Large-scale prospective cohort studies of pregnant women are needed to substantiate the impact of congenital toxoplasmosis on the neurological diseases of childhood in Israel.