A reduced consumption of hard-textured fibrous foods may promote the development of digestive disturbances in more susceptible elderly people who wear prostheses having deficient masticatory function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a program combining denture relining and dietary counselling on the masticatory performance, fibre intake, and prevalence of digestive symptoms in elderly women with low chewing efficiency. This program was provided to 55 women between 55 and 74 years of age. Chewing ability was assessed quantitatively with the Swallowing Threshold Test Index (STTI), and qualitatively according to the participants' experience in chewing five specific foods. Nutritional data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The mean value of the STTI was significantly increased at three weeks and at six to nine months after completion of relining by 37 and 31 per cent, respectively. Subjects included one more food in their diet at the end of the six- to nine-month period only. Fibre intake from vegetables was significantly increased by 18 per cent, while colonic and gastrointestinal symptoms were both reduced. Prosthetic relining increased the masticatory performance of elderly women, but not to a functional level. In addition, dietary counselling stimulated subjects to eat foods that had previously been avoided. These observations suggest that the improvement of chewing efficiency, combined with dietary counselling, could reduce the presence of digestive symptoms.