We have reviewed the clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings, pathology, and upper gastrointestinal x-rays in 10 patients with chronic erosive gastritis, a disorder that was rarely recognized before the use of double-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiology and endoscopy. The characteristic x-ray appearance is that of a series of 3 to 11-mm nodules, some with central collections of barium, that are distributed along rugal folds and usually extend into the antrum. The endoscopic appearance is similar: small erythematous nodules with shallow central erosions. The pathology differs from that seen in peptic ulcer disease. There are few polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a predominance of plasma cells in the inflammatory infiltrate. Seven of our patients presented with epigastric pain similar to that of peptic ulcer disease; four of these also had anorexia and weight loss. In two other patients anorexia and weight loss were the only symptoms. One patient was asymptomatic. All nine symptomatic patients responded to antacid treatment. However, repeat x-rays demonstrated persistence of the nodules, although the central erosions usually disappeared. The etiology is unknown. Chronic erosive gastritis appears to be a distinct entity different from peptic ulcer disease.