Administration of oral Pemoline produces long lasting amphetamine-type stereotyped behavior and persistent self-biting behavior in rats. The effects of haloperidol, pimozide, diazepam, and serotonin depletion by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) or chronic pretreatment with p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) on abnormal behavior produced by pemoline were studied. Diazepam consistently increased the duration of stereotyped behavior. It also reduced licking/biting and self-biting but the latter effects were not consistent. Pretreatment with PCA had negligible effects on stereotyped behavior. Pretreatment with PCPA dramatically increased locomotion and rearing without affecting the other components of stereotypy--stereotyped head movements, licking/biting, and self-biting. Haloperidol (0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg) produced a dose related normalization of pemoline induced behaviors, including elimination of self-biting. Pimozide (0.5, 0.8 and 1.3 mg/kg) had little or no effect on behaviors such as locomotions, rears, licking/biting, or stereotyped head movements but eliminated self-biting at 1.3 mg/kg. These data suggest that pemoline, like amphetamine, produces stereotyped behavior through central dopaminergic mechanisms. Dopaminergic mechanisms also appear to be involved in pemoline induced self-biting. pemoline is apparently pharmacologically and behaviorally very similar to amphetamine. Pemoline may provide a useful animal model for syndromes characterized by self-injurious behavior and other repetitive behaviors.