In freshly collected urine from a patient with glomerulotubular proteinuria there were two bands which contained retinol-binding proteins. The cathodal band showed fluorescence in the ultraviolet. After extraction with organic solvents only the anodal non-fluorescent band remained. After addition of an excess retinol only one band remained which by mobility corresponded to the cathodal band. The anodal of the two bands was therefore probably the apo form and the cathodal the holo form of the same retinol-binding protein. Their proportions, determined by densitometric scanning were approximately 4/1 (anodal/cathodal band). More than 85% of the retinol-binding protein in the urine bound to prealbumin-Sephrose. The apo retinol-binding protein from urine had the same electrophoretic mobility on agarose gel el-ctrophoresis and the same pattern on isoelectric focusing as an retinol-binding protein prepared from serum. The carboxy-terminal amino acid sequence of the retinol-binding protein from freshly collected urine that bound to prealbumin-Sepharose, was -Arg-Leu. The amino-terminal sequence was Glu-Arg-Asp-Cys-Arg-Val-Ser-X-Phe-Arg-Val-Lys-Glu-Asn-Phe-Asp-Lys-Ala-Arg-Phe-X-Gly-Thr-Trp-Tyr-. This sequence and the amino acid composition are compatible with the view that the retinol-binding protein in urine is the same as in plasma.