Preservation, furtherance and recovery of health and great joy the old age - these are requests of social politics in GDR. The ageing may be influenced by a series of sanitary and social factors of risk. We have examined 100 townsmen in a home for aged people and 100 pensioners in housing-settlement of Erfurttown. The result gives a statement about state of health, about social and medical care. Illness's of systems are standing in front of heart-circulation, of respiration, of connective tissue and movement. We can not find a difference between both groups. The combinations of illness were found frequently (42%). The indigence of care in compliance with the criterions of Siggelkow and Körner are 48% from pensioneries, 39% of old aged people who got occasional good help and care. The dynamic and adapted shaping of the relation men - environment results in a positive effect. The demands on the concil in town, on social workers, on medical care and on the behaviour of the old aged people are formulated.