High-Fat Diet Enhances the Liver Metastasis Potential of Colorectal Cancer through Microbiota Dysbiosis

Obesity, metabolic changes, and intestinal microbiota disruption significantly affect tumorigenesis and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the relationships among these factors remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that a high-fat diet (HFD) promoted gut barrier dysfunction and inflammation in the colorectum and liver. We further investigated gut microbiota changes through 16S rRNA sequencing of faecal samples from HFD-fed rats and CRC hepatic metastasis patients and found an abundance of Desulfovibrio (DSV). DSV could also induce barrier dysfunction in the colorectum and inflammation in the colorectum and liver, suggesting that it contributes to the formation of a microenvironment conducive to CRC tumorigenesis and metastasis. These findings highlight that HFD-induced microbiota dysbiosis, especially DSV abundance, could promote CRC initiation and metastasis.