Biomembrane-Functionalized Micromotors: Biocompatible Active Devices for Diverse Biomedical Applications

Adv Mater. 2022 Feb;34(5):e2107177. doi: 10.1002/adma.202107177. Epub 2021 Dec 18.

Abstract

There has been considerable interest in developing synthetic micromotors with biofunctional, versatile, and adaptive capabilities for biomedical applications. In this perspective, cell membrane-functionalized micromotors emerge as an attractive platform. This new class of micromotors demonstrates enhanced propulsion and compelling performance in complex biological environments, making them suitable for various in vivo applications, including drug delivery, detoxification, immune modulation, and phototherapy. This article reviews various proof-of-concept studies based on different micromotor designs and cell membrane coatings in these areas. The review focuses on the motor structure and performance relationship and highlights how cell membrane functionalization overcomes the obstacles faced by traditional synthetic micromotors while imparting them with unique capabilities. Overall, the cell membrane-functionalized micromotors are expected to advance micromotor research and facilitate its translation towards practical uses.

Keywords: cell membranes; detoxification; drug delivery; immunotherapy; micromotors; phototherapy.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cell Membrane
  • Drug Delivery Systems*