Gigantol ameliorates CCl4-induced liver injury via preventing activation of JNK/cPLA2/12-LOX inflammatory pathway

Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 17;10(1):22265. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79400-0.

Abstract

Arachidonic acid (AA) signaling pathway is an important constituent of inflammatory processes. In our previous study, it was found that dihydro-stilbene gigantol relieved hepatic inflammation in mice with CCl4-induced acute liver injury. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of arachidonate metabolic cascade in this process. Our results showed CCl4 activated AA metabolism with the evidence of cPLA2 phosphorylation, which was dependent on the MAPK/JNK activation. Pretreatment with JNK inhibitor SU3327 or gigantol abolished the cPLA2 activation, along with the attenuation of liver damage. Besides, gigantol markedly decreased immune cells activation. Metabolomic analysis revealed that gigantol universally reversed the upregulation of major AA metabolites in injured mouse livers induced by CCl4, especially 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). Gigantol also decreased the mRNA and protein expression of platelet-, and leukocyte-type 12-lipoxxygenase (LOX) in the liver. Furthermore, pan-LOX inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and specific 12-LOX inhibitors baicalein and ML351 attenuated the liver injury to the same extent as gigantol. Overall, our study elucidated a comprehensive profile of AA metabolites during hepatic inflammation caused by CCl4, highlighting the role of 12-LOX-12-HETE pathway in this process. And gigantol alleviated liver inflammation partly through inhibiting the JNK/cPLA2/12-LOX pathway.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / genetics*
  • Arachidonic Acid / metabolism
  • Bibenzyls / pharmacology*
  • Carbon Tetrachloride / toxicity
  • Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / drug therapy*
  • Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / genetics
  • Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / metabolism
  • Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / pathology
  • Group IV Phospholipases A2 / genetics*
  • Guaiacol / analogs & derivatives*
  • Guaiacol / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Inflammation / chemically induced
  • Inflammation / drug therapy
  • Inflammation / genetics
  • Inflammation / pathology
  • Liver / drug effects
  • Liver / pathology
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System / drug effects
  • Metabolomics
  • Mice

Substances

  • Bibenzyls
  • Arachidonic Acid
  • gigantol
  • Guaiacol
  • Carbon Tetrachloride
  • Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase
  • Group IV Phospholipases A2