The increasing prevalence of CPV-2c in domestic dogs in China

Xiangqi Hao; Yuwei He; Chuhan Wang; Weiqi Xiao; Ruohan Liu; Xiangyu Xiao; Pei Zhou; Shoujun Li

doi:10.7717/peerj.9869

The increasing prevalence of CPV-2c in domestic dogs in China

PeerJ. 2020 Sep 29:8:e9869. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9869. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Xiangqi Hao^{1

2}, Yuwei He^{1

2}, Chuhan Wang¹, Weiqi Xiao^{1

2}, Ruohan Liu^{1

2}, Xiangyu Xiao^{1

2}, Pei Zhou^{1

3

2}, Shoujun Li^{1

3

2}

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
² Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
³ Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.

Abstract

Background: Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), a serious pathogen, leads to high morbidity and mortality in dogs and several wild carnivore species. Although it is a DNA virus, it evolves particularly rapidly, with a genomic substitution rate of approximately 10^-4 substitutions/site/year, close to that of some RNA viruses. Tracing the prevalence of CPV-2 in dogs is significant.

Methods: In this study, an aetiological survey was carried out from 2016 to 2019 in Guangdong Province, China, involving Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan. Furthermore, to systematically analyse the prevalence of CPV-2 in China, the VP2 gene sequences of all Chinese isolates were downloaded from the NCBI nucleotide database in December 2019, and changes in CPV-2 variants were examined.

Results: A total of 55.7% (34/61) of samples were CPV-2 positive by PCR detection and virus isolation. In addition to different variants circulating in dogs, coinfection with multiple variants was identified, as was coinfection with other canine enteric pathogens in some cases. Two previously reported amino acid sites, A5G and Q370R of CPV-2c mutants, reported in variants in China were assessed, and several CPV-2 isolates with P13S and K582N mutations were detected in this study. Finally, we speculate on the prevalence of different CPV-2 variants in China. According to the VP2 gene sequence obtained from the NCBI nucleotide database, the proportion of different variants in China has changed, and CPV-2c appears to be growing rapidly. In conclusion, this aetiology survey suggests that CPV-2 continues to be common in China and that the prevalence of CPV-2c is increasing.

Keywords: Aetiological survey; CPV-2c; Prevalence; VP2.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31802204, 31872454), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0501004), the Natural Science Foundation Guangdong province (2018B030311037, 2018A030313633), the opening project of the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China (SKLVBF201917), and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases (2017B030314142). There was no additional external funding received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.