Neonatal-Onset Congenital Ectropion Uveae: A Distinct Phenotype of Newborn Glaucoma

Am J Ophthalmol. 2021 Mar:223:83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.10.001. Epub 2020 Oct 9.

Abstract

Purpose: To describe neonatal-onset congenital ectropion uveae (N-CEU) as a distinct clinical entity of newborn glaucoma (NG) and to study its significance toward the severity and outcome of NG.

Design: Prospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: The study took place at a tertiary care postgraduate teaching institute. It included consecutive patients with NG who presented between July 1, 2016 and September 30, 2017, with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 1 year. Infants with any ocular anomaly apart from CEU were excluded. Patients with N-CEU were compared with those with neonatal-onset primary congenital glaucoma (N-PCG). All infants underwent goniotomy or trabeculotomy, with trabeculectomy depending on corneal clarity. Clinical features at presentation and outcome 1 year after surgery were defined as good or satisfactory if intraocular pressure was ≤16.0 mm Hg under anesthesia without or with topical medications, respectively, and poor if the infant required additional surgery.

Results: Twenty eyes of 10 patients with N-CEU were compared with 16 eyes of 9 patients with N-PCG. Infants with N-CEU had significantly worse corneal clarity (mean grade 2.0 ± 0.7 vs 1.4 ± 0.8; P = .026) and poorer outcomes compared with those with N-PCG. Seven of 16 (43.7%) eyes with N-PCG had a cornea clear enough at presentation for a goniotomy compared with only 2 of the 20 (10%) eyes with N-CEU (P = .026). Thirteen of 16 (81.2%) eyes with N-PCG had a good or satisfactory outcome compared with 6 of 20 (30%) eyes with N-CEU (P = .001).

Conclusions: N-CEU appears to be distinct from the unilateral CEU in older patients described in the literature and may be considered a poorer prognosis phenotype of neonatal-onset glaucoma.

MeSH terms

  • Ectropion / congenital*
  • Ectropion / epidemiology
  • Ectropion / physiopathology
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Gonioscopy
  • Humans
  • Hydrophthalmos / diagnosis*
  • Hydrophthalmos / epidemiology
  • Hydrophthalmos / physiopathology
  • Incidence
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Infant, Newborn, Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Infant, Newborn, Diseases / epidemiology
  • Infant, Newborn, Diseases / physiopathology
  • Intraocular Pressure / physiology
  • Male
  • Phenotype
  • Prospective Studies
  • Tonometry, Ocular
  • Trabeculectomy