Neuroendocrine Tumors: Imaging of Treatment and Follow-up

Radiol Clin North Am. 2020 Nov;58(6):1161-1171. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.08.002.

Abstract

Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from cells distributed throughout the body. Local and regional disease is managed with surgical resection; however, treatment of higher-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), unresectable or metastatic disease is complex involving a combination of systemic targeted agents, transarterial embolization, and peptide receptor targeted therapies and is discussed in detail. The most important concept in modern NET workup is that an optimal diagnostic strategy requires combination of both anatomic and functional imaging modalities. NETs often present with unknown primary site of disease, and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET can now diagnose these lesions with great sensitivity.

Keywords: Carcinoid; Embolization; Imaging; Neuroendocrine tumor; Therapy.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion / methods*
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Embolization, Therapeutic / methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy / methods*
  • Multimodal Imaging / methods*
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors / diagnostic imaging*
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors / mortality
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors / pathology
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors / therapy*
  • Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography / methods
  • Prognosis
  • Risk Assessment
  • Survival Analysis