With the introduction of more potent immunosuppressive regimens, increasing numbers of kidney transplant recipients traditionally viewed as being at high immunologic risk for rejection and graft loss have been accepted. These include recipients of multiple grafts, sensitized patients as measured by high panel reactive antibody (PRA), and patients with current warm B or historical positive crossmatches. Since November 1983, all recipients of cadaver kidneys have been treated with cyclosporine and prednisone. In addition, most also received a short posttransplant course of antilymphocyte globulin and long-term azathioprine. With these regimens, retransplantation, sensitization, current B-cell crossmatch and historical B- and/or T-cell crossmatch do not affect graft survival.