Nasal Packing Causing Occlusion of Contralateral Internal Carotid Artery During Control of Pseudoaneurysm Bleed

Background: Carotid pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of pituitary surgery and can present with epistaxis. Nasal packing is considered first-line treatment for the control of carotid bleeding. We describe a case of complete occlusion of the contralateral cavernous carotid artery because of nasal packing placed to control hemorrhage from a cavernous carotid pseudoaneurysm.

Case description: A 55-year-old man presented with a history of recurrent epistaxis requiring multiple hospital visits and nasal packing over a 9-month period. Nasal endoscopies failed to show a source of bleeding; therefore, the patient underwent bilateral sphenopalatine artery ligations. Postoperative computed tomography angiogram showed no evidence of aneurysm, but did report indistinctness of the lateral sphenoid walls. Symptoms remained controlled for 4 months, but ultimately, he presented to the emergency department with massive epistaxis. A magnetic resonance angiogram noted a 2- to 3-mm left cavernous carotid pseudoaneurysm, and the patient underwent endovascular embolization of bilateral internal maxillary arteries. Significant epistaxis was noted immediately thereafter and he was taken to the operating room to control bleeding. A 4-cm absorbable nasal packing was placed into each sphenoid cavity after profuse bleeding from the left sphenoid sinus was noted. After control of bleeding, cerebral angiogram showed complete occlusion of bilateral internal carotid arteries (ICAs). The right-sided packing was adjusted, and the ICA profusion improved.

Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the only report that describes complete occlusion of the contralateral cavernous carotid artery because of extrinsic compression of the lateral sphenoid wall, in the setting of a symptomatic pseudoaneurysm.