Talaromyces (formerly Penicillium) marneffei, a dimorphic fungus, is the most common opportunistic pathogen in human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV)-positive patients, but it rarely appears in HIV-negative individuals. Previously, in 2014, we reported the case of an HIV-negative Chinese woman with disseminated T. marneffei infection within an osteolytic lesion. Subsequently, she was followed up for 6 years, and we present an updated report of her clinical condition during the follow-up period. She presented with T. marneffei infection relapse and nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infection. Laboratory tests showed anti-interferon-gamma (anti-IFN-γ) autoantibody-positive. Antifungals and anti-NTM treatment successfully improved her symptoms and laboratory results. This case highlights the type of infectious diseases that occurs as a result of immunodeficiency syndrome associated with anti-IFN-γ autoantibody.
Keywords: Anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody; Nontuberculous mycobacterium; Osteolytic lesion; Talaromyces marneffei.
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