Background: Uterus transplantation is a complex, multi-step experimental procedure used for the treatment of uterus absence or uterus anomaly that prevents embryo implantation or pregnancy completion.
Method: To date, only 51 uterus transplants worldwide had been performed. When simplified, it is vascularized composite allograft transplantation. While it is still an experimental procedure with encouraging results for the future, there are still many issues that have to be clarified. The most serious complications of uterus transplantation are graft rejection or grafts vascular failure.
Results: So far, no reference to the atherosclerotic arterial infiltration of the uterus arteries was suggested and studied as one of the main causes of graft's failure.
Conclusion: In this review we summarized current knowledge and possible role of uterus arterial damage, including atherosclerotic changes on the graft's survival.